Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah untuk Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kota Pangkalpinang Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Abstract

Municipal solid waste management in Indonesian cities is still treated mainly as a spending obligation rather than a potential source of revenue. This study examines how the waste sector in Pangkalpinang City, the capital of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, can be optimised to raise local own-source revenue. Using evidence-based policy analysis, it combines municipal administrative data on population (2015–2025), waste generation (2021–2025) and waste retribution realisation (2022–2026) with the city technical waste management plan, the national waste information system, and a 2025 joint policy study with the National Research and Innovation Agency. The analytical instruments comprise fishbone root-cause analysis, PESTEL scanning, a waste mass balance, technical feasibility assessment against Indonesian National Standard SNI 03-0691-1996, benchmarking against five local governments, and multi-criteria evaluation using Dunn's policy evaluation framework. The analysis is organised around two policy levers, namely broadening and digitalising the retribution base upstream and creating value from unsaleable waste downstream. The results show that waste retribution grew by only 4.3 per cent per year between 2022 and 2025, that the registered payer base covers about forty entities against an estimated sixty-one thousand households, and that roughly 44.6 tonnes per day of waste never enters the formal collection system. Within the city plastic fraction, 18.39 tonnes per day consists of low-value plastics with no recycling market that can be converted into paving blocks and other building materials; a sensitivity test over a 40-60 per cent low-value share yields 12.26-18.39 tonnes per day, so the 10 tonnes per day required by the planned production units remains available even at the lower bound. An integrated option combining retribution digitalisation with a public service agency production unit is projected to raise waste-sector revenue from IDR 4.98 billion in 2025 to IDR 14.60 billion by 2030, with an economic-fiscal payback period of 3.7 years (incorporating operational avoided costs and spending efficiencies, and therefore distinct from purely commercial capital expenditure recovery). The study closes with a four-stage implementation roadmap for 2026-2030 that assigns lead agencies and measurable targets for the retribution base, digital payment coverage, recycling rate, and production capacity, together with the mitigation measures each stage requires. The findings confirm that waste can be repositioned from a fiscal burden into a measurable revenue stream.