Faktor Dominan Penyebab Cost Overrun pada Proyek Jalan Tol dengan Skema KPBU di Indonesia

Akmal Raditya; I Putu Artama Wiguna; Yusroniya Eka Putri Rachman Waliulu

doi:10.55681/sentri.v5i1.5680

Authors

Akmal Raditya Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
I Putu Artama Wiguna Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Yusroniya Eka Putri Rachman Waliulu Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v5i1.5680

Keywords:

Cost Overrun, risiko proyek, KPBU, jalan tol, manajemen risiko

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan penyebab cost overrun pada proyek jalan tol berbasis skema Kerjasama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) di Indonesia. Permasalahan cost overrun merupakan salah satu tantangan utama dalam pembangunan infrastruktur publik yang berdampak pada efisiensi anggaran dan keberlanjutan proyek. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 54 responden ahli dari 25 proyek jalan tol di Indonesia. Setiap faktor risiko dinilai berdasarkan dua dimensi, yaitu severity (tingkat keparahan) dan probability (tingkat kemungkinan) menggunakan skala Likert risiko PMBOK (0.1–0.9). Nilai risk magnitude dihitung melalui perkalian antara nilai severity dan probability (R = S × P), dengan ambang batas risiko ditetapkan pada >0.35.

Hasil analisis menunjukkan dari 32 faktor risiko didapatkan 8 faktor dominan penyebab cost overrun, yaitu pembebasan lahan, kondisi lapangan di luar perkiraan, sering terjadi perubahan desain, kesulitan keuangan kontraktor, perubahan peraturan, kenaikan harga material, ketidakmampuan membayar hutang, dan terbatasnya akses ke sumber pendanaan. Faktor eksternal seperti kebijakan pemerintah dan pembebasan lahan memiliki pengaruh terbesar, diikuti oleh faktor finansial dan teknis. Hasil ini menguatkan temuan penelitian sebelumnya di negara berkembang bahwa kompleksitas kebijakan, pembiayaan, dan kondisi teknis lapangan menjadi penyebab utama ketidakefisienan biaya proyek infrastruktur. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan strategi manajemen risiko proyek jalan tol KPBU dengan memberikan dasar kuantitatif dalam perencanaan mitigasi risiko biaya.

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