Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Wordwall Terhadap Kemandirian Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Nur Fadilah — 2026-04-17

This study aims to measure the effect of using wordwall media on student independence at Waung public elementaary school. Student independence includes the ability to organize oneself, make decisions, and take responsibility without relying on others. Using a pre-experimental one-group pretest-postest design, this study involved 18 student. Data were collected through observation, tests (pretest and postest), and documentation. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a significance of 0,000 (p- <0,05) which means there was a significant difference between the pretest and postest. The effect of wordwall on student independence is quite large, with an eta-squared value of 0,90 which indicates a significant effect in increasing student initiave, responsibility, and independence. Wordwall media creates more interactive learning, encourages active student involvement, and helps the become more independent in the learning process. The results of the study support the use of wordwall in learning elementary schools.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Gambar Seri Terhadap Kemampuan Kreativitas Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Putri Bulqhis Anindhita — 2026-04-17

Creativity is an important ability that needs to be developed since elementary education, especially thorugh fine arts learning. However, thr low creativity of students in drawing is often caused by the limited avaibility of attractive visual media and the inability to stimulate imagination. Serial drawing media is seen as an alternative learning method that can help students develop ideas coherently and creatively. This study aims to analyze the effect of using serial drawing media on the creatibity abilities of elementary school students. The research subjects were 15 elementary school student with a saturated sampling technique. The research instrument was a worsheet based on drawing creativity indicators. Data analysis was carried out throgh the Shapiro- Wilk normality test, the Wicoxon Signed Rank Tests, and the calculation of effect size using Partial Eta Squered. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students drawing creativity after using serial drawing media. The significance value of 0.001 (<0,05) and Partial Eta Squered of 0,935 indicate a very large influence, so that serial drawing media is affective in increasing the creativity abilities of elemnetary school students.

Game Edukasi Matematika untuk Pembelajaran Materi Perkalian dan Pembagian Siswa SD Kelas 4

Tyar Berliana Umi Kalsum — 2026-04-17

Learning multiplication and division mathematics for 4th grade elementary school students still faces various challenges, one of which is the limited availability of interactive learning media. This study aims to design and develop a Construct 2-based educational mathematics game as an alternative learning medium that is attractive, easy to use, and suitable for schools with limited technological facilities. The game development process follows the Waterfall model, which includes needs analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The developed game includes learning materials, gradual game levels, gamification elements, and an automatic assessment system. Testing was conducted using the Black-Box Testing method, the System Usability Scale (SUS), and pretests and posttests to measure student understanding. The test results showed that all game functions functioned well. The usability evaluation resulted in an average SUS score of 86.65, which is categorized as very good, while the pretest and posttest results showed an increase in students' average score from 67.3 to 82.3. Based on these results, the developed educational mathematics game is considered suitable for use as a supporting medium for mathematics learning in elementary schools.

Financial Performance Analysis of the Jambi Province Local Government Using the Value for Money Method (2017-2024 Period)

Zelvi Tiara — 2026-04-19

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Jambi Provincial Government using the Value for Money approach, which covers the aspects of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness during the 2017–2024 period. The population of this study consists of all financial reports of the Jambi Provincial Government, while the sample is the Budget Realization Reports for the observed years, selected using a time series technique based on data availability. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The data used include secondary data obtained from official budget realization reports and primary data collected through interviews conducted at the Jambi Provincial Finance and Asset Agency. Data collection techniques comprise documentation and interviews, and data analysis is carried out using economic, efficiency, and effectiveness ratios within the Value for Money framework. The results show that the financial performance of the Jambi Provincial Government during the study period is categorized as economical, as the expenditure realization ratio is below 100 percent, indicating budget savings. However, in terms of efficiency, the performance is still considered inefficient because the ratio exceeds 100 percent, which means expenditure realization is higher than revenue realization. Meanwhile, in terms of effectiveness, financial performance is classified as effective since revenue realization has met and even exceeded the predetermined targets. In conclusion, the Jambi Provincial Government has managed its budget economically and effectively, but improvements are still required to enhance efficiency in regional financial management.

Pemanfaatan Panel Surya Sebagai Sumber Energi Pada Sistem Pengering Kopi Berbasis IoT dengan Catu Daya Hybrid

Nova Ilham Fitriyanto — 2026-04-20

This research aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based coffee bean drying system with a hybrid power source that combines solar panels and PLN electricity. The research and development (R&D) method used included system design, prototyping, and energy performance and drying process testing. The system utilizes a 50 Wp solar panel, a 12 V battery, an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), an ESP32 microcontroller, a DHT22 sensor, a load cell, and actuators such as a heater and a fan.Test results indicate that the system consumes 415,835 Wh of energy per day, with the solar panel contributing approximately 350 Wh per day, reducing battery load and extending operating time by up to two times compared to a system without solar panels. Furthermore, the system maintains a stable drying temperature within the range of 41–45°C and gradually reduces the mass of the coffee beans until they reach the standard dry condition.The novelty of this research lies in the integration of a hybrid system based on solar panels and PLN (State Electricity Company) that is automatically controlled using an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), and supported by real-time IoT-based monitoring and control. This approach improves energy efficiency, operational reliability, and drying process stability compared to previous research, which generally used a single energy source and lacked integrated monitoring systems.Thus, the developed system has proven effective in increasing energy efficiency, maintaining drying quality, and supporting the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector

Sistem Kendali Suhu dan Kelembapan Pada Alat Pengering Biji Kopi Berbasis Mikrokontroler ESP32

Gelegar Pilpres Oktavois — 2026-04-20

This research aims to design and develop an ESP32 microcontroller-based coffee bean drying control system to enhance efficiency and quality compared to traditional sun-drying methods. Conventional methods suffer from several drawbacks, including weather dependency, long drying durations, and a lack of temperature and humidity control, which can potentially degrade the quality of the coffee beans. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, covering the stages of design, construction, and system testing. The system is equipped with a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, and a capacitive soil moisture sensor to detect the moisture content of the coffee beans. An on-off control method is implemented using heaters and fans as actuators, managed via relays. Sensor data is displayed on an LCD and can be monitored in real-time. The test results indicate that the drying system functions as planned. In a trial using 3 kg of coffee beans, the system successfully reduced the initial moisture content from 55% to 12% within 3.5 days. The temperature control system exhibited a slow but stable response; the heater activates when the temperature drops below 60°C and deactivates when it exceeds 60°C. Similarly, the humidity control system activates the exhaust fan when humidity exceeds 60% and turns it off when it falls below 55%. This humidity control showed a rapid initial response that decelerated toward the end, with the system exhibiting lower stability compared to the temperature control.

Perancangan Sistem Pengering Biji Kopi Hybrid Berbasis IoT Dengan Sistem Monitoring Web Real - Time

Sayid Maulana — 2026-04-20

This study aims to design and implement a hybrid coffee bean drying system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with real-time web monitoring to improve the efficiency and stability of post-harvest drying. The system utilizes an ESP32 integrated with a DHT22 sensor, a moisture sensor, and a load cell to monitor environmental conditions and mass changes during drying, with data transmitted via Wi-Fi to a web dashboard with a delay of 5 seconds. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of a hybrid drying system with multi-parameter monitoring based on IoT within a single integrated platform. Experimental results show that the temperature can be maintained at 43–50 °C with a deviation of ±1.5 °C, sensor accuracy of ±0.5 °C for temperature and ±2% RH for humidity, and a load cell error of ±1–2%, with a system response time of less than 5 seconds. The drying process reduces moisture content from 55% to 12% within 18–24 hours, demonstrating that the system operates effectively, stably, and responsively in improving coffee post-harvest quality.

Financial Performance Analysis of Transportation and Logistics Sector Companies Listed On the Indonesia Stock Exchange Using a Financial Ratio Approach in 2014-2024

Revita Pintania — 2026-05-01

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2014–2024 period using a financial ratio approach. This study employed a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 10 companies meeting the research criteria with a total of 110 observations. Financial performance analysis was conducted through three ratio groups: liquidity ratios (current ratio and cash ratio), solvency ratios (debt to asset ratio and debt to equity ratio), and profitability ratios (return on investment and return on equity). The results showed that the financial performance of transportation and logistics companies experienced significant fluctuations during the observation period, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic recovery phase. In general, several companies demonstrated good ability to maintain liquidity levels and control their capital structure, despite pressure on profitability in the 2020–2021 period. Based on the comprehensive analysis, PT Eka Sari Lorena Transport Tbk (NELY) and PT Samudera Indonesia Tbk (SMDR) demonstrated relatively better and more stable financial performance compared to other companies during the study period. These findings imply that liquidity management, debt structure, and operational efficiency are important factors in maintaining financial performance stability, particularly in sectors that are sensitive to macroeconomic dynamics.

Spiritual Camp Sebagai Model Pendidikan Toleransi di SMAN Kota Mataram

Abdurrohman Abdurrohman — 2026-05-21

Studies on tolerance are not a new issue in multicultural societies; however, an examination of Spiritual Camp programs in schools that are specifically designed to foster inclusive and tolerant attitudes and behaviors among students is particularly interesting to investigate. This study aims to describe the implementation of Spiritual Camp activities as a model of tolerance education at SMAN 3 and SMAN 4 in the city of Mataram. The research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach conducted at SMAN 3 and SMAN 4 Mataram. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis utilized an interactive qualitative descriptive model, carried out through several stages, namely organizing and managing the data, data reduction, data interpretation, drawing conclusions, and verifying and validating the findings. The findings indicate that the Spiritual Camp program is effective in strengthening students’ faith and piety, fostering multicultural awareness, empathy, and a sense of brotherhood, as well as shaping inclusive and tolerant character traits among students. The implementation of Spiritual Camp activities at SMAN 3 and SMAN 4 Mataram encompasses religious activities that emphasize deepening religious knowledge and worship practices, as well as social and cultural arts activities. Each school demonstrates variations in both the content and the location of the activities, depending on the respective school policies. Despite these variations, all activities remain focused on the same core objectives, namely the strengthening of faith and piety and the formation of inclusive and tolerant student character. The implementation of the Spiritual Camp program has proven to be an effective model of tolerance education, as there have been no cases of intolerance, bullying, or violence reported in either of the two schools.

Potensi Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Publik Aktif di Kota Selong

Lalu Rifky Fadhlurrachman — 2026-06-03

Law No. 26 of 2007 mandates that the provision of urban public Green Open Space (GOS) must constitute at least 20% of the total urban area within a regency. As Selong City serves as the capital district of East Lombok Regency, it is required to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, including active public GOS. Currently, the public GOS in Selong City covers 76.716 hectares, accounting for only 2.42% of its total area of 3,168 hectares.The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the existing conditions of active public GOS in Selong City; (2) to analyze the criteria for determining potential locations for active public GOS; and (3) to identify potential locations for active public GOS in Selong City. The methodology employed integrates stakeholder analysis, the Delphi method, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and weighted overlay analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results indicate that the requirement for active public GOS in Selong City is 634 hectares. The criteria utilized for site selection include: (1) distribution of existing GOS, (2) land use, (3) population density, (4) land slope, (5) accessibility, (6) supporting facilities, (7) land value zones, and (8) land tenure. The analysis identifies 664 hectares of potential land for active public GOS development, representing 21% of the city's total area. This potential area is categorized into a "highly suitable" zone of 37 hectares and a "moderately suitable" zone of 627 hectares.

The Effects of Project-Based Learning in Writing on Students’ Autonomy, Students’ Creativity, and Learning Engagement at SMAN 2 Lintau Buo

Delfita Yulianti — 2026-06-09

This study is investigated the effects of Project Based Learning (PjBL) on students’ writing ability, autonomy, creativity and engagement at SMAN 2 Lintau Buo, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Writing as productive skills, causes challenges for students, particularly in producing structured and meaningful exposition text. The students also showed low levels of autonomy, creativity, and engagement under conventional instruction. Thus, innovative model like PjBL was implemented to enhance both writing skills and non-cognitive abilities. A quasi-experimental design was employed. The instruments included writing test scored with Jacobs’ rubric, autonomy, creativity, and engagement questionnaires, each validated through Aiken’s V and tested for reliability. The prerequisite of data analysis found that the data were not normally distributed (the sig score < 0.05) and not homogeneous (0.002 < 0.05). So, the data cannot be tested by using parametric test. Hence the Mann Whitney test was used to test the hypotheses.The results revealed that PjBL did not yield significant results in improving writing scores compared to the control group. The p-score 0.542 is greater than 0.05. However, PjBL significantly enhanced students’ autonomy (sig. score 0.001 is smaller than the alpha 0.05), creativity (sig. score 0.001 is less than 0.05), and engagement (sig. score 0.000 is less than 0.05). These findings suggest that while PjBL is not sufficient to improve students’ writing ability, it is effective in fostering non-cognitive skills necessarily for meaningful learning. Implication for teaching recommend combining PjBL with scaffolding to strengthen writing ability while maintaining high levels of autonomy, creativity, and engagement.

Pengaruh Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Karakter Integritas terhadap Perilaku Kejujuran Akademik Mahasiswa Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam di Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Witari Triarni Panggabean — 2026-06-09

This study aims to determine the influence of spiritual intelligence and integrity character on the academic honesty behavior of Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education Study Program Students at Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. This research is a field research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 90 Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education Students, while the sampling technique used was stratified random sampling of 73 Students. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques used linear and multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that; 1) There is an influence of Spiritual Intelligence that has a significant influence on the Academic Honesty Behavior of Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education Study Program Students at Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. This is indicated by the calculated t result being greater than the t table (5.165> 1.99) with a sig. value of 0.000 <0.005. It can also be seen from the results of R2 = 0.273 meaning 27.3%. 2) There is an influence of Integrity Character that has a significant influence on the Academic Honesty Behavior of Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education Study Program Students at Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. This is indicated by the calculated t result which is greater than the t table (3.067 > 1.99) with a sig. value of 0.003 < 0.005. It can also be seen from the results of R2 = 0.117 meaning 11.7%. 3) There is a significant influence between Spiritual Intelligence and Integrity Character simultaneously on the Academic Honesty Behavior of Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education Study Program Students at Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. This is indicated by the calculated F value > F table (16.442 > 3.12). In addition, the results of the determination analysis that looks for the percentage contribution of the influence of independent variables simultaneously on the dependent variable is 32.0%. While the remaining 68% is contributed by other variables not discussed in this study.

Literature Review: Implementasi Pelayanan Farmasi Klinik di Rumah Sakit di Indonesia Berdasarkan Permenkes RI 72/2016

Bella Shafira — 2026-06-09

This study is a literature review that aims to evaluate the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in Indonesian hospitals based on Permenkes RI Number 72 Year 2016. This study reviewed relevant scientific articles published from 2015-2025 obtained from the Google Scholar database with a focus on the implementation of clinical pharmacy services by pharmacists in hospitals. The findings show that the implementation of clinical pharmacy services has a positive impact on the quality of health services, especially in reducing patient mortality and the incidence of preventable adverse drug events. Pharmacists play a central role in therapeutic evaluation, monitoring drug use, education, and collaboration with other health workers. Overall, although clinical pharmacy services play an important role in improving quality of care and patient safety, their implementation in Indonesia has not been optimized as a whole and still requires improved facilities, personnel, and training to support the implementation of all established service standards.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum L.) Terhadap Jumlah Sel Makrofag Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

Shieny Lokanata — 2026-06-09

Tissue damage due to tooth extraction triggers an inflammatory response that involves the vital role of macrophage cells in the healing process. Considering the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Lycium barbarum L., this study aims to test the effectiveness of goji berry extract gel at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 55% on the number of macrophage cells after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. This in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design used 30 Rattus norvegicus as samples. Subjects were divided into negative controls, positive controls (povidone iodine), and goji berry extract gel treatment groups given through topical application for 7 days. Histopathological observations with hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, then the data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, One-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD. The analysis showed no significant difference on day 1 (p>0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were identified on days 3 and 5, where the number of macrophages in the treatment group was lower than in the control group. The most optimal reduction was seen on day 7 at concentrations of 30% and 55%. Goji berry extract gel was proven to be effective in reducing the number of macrophages during wound healing after tooth extraction, especially at concentrations of 30% and 55%.

Relasi Kuasa Dalam Film High & Low: The Worst X Cross Karya Norihisa Hiranuma dan Daisuke Ninomiya

Nur Hasliza Maulina — 2026-06-09

This study examines the representation of violence and power in the film High & Low: The Worst X Cross using Michel Foucault's theory of power relations with the aim of describing how the relationship between power and violence is interrelated in shaping identity and social dynamics in film. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through dialogue observation, scene analysis, and narrative and visual film studies. The analysis is focused on the concepts of power over the body, power over the mind, elements of power, and resistance. The validity of the data is maintained through conformity with the realistic context of the film. The results of the study show that this film shows the relationship of power over the body through the discipline and training of gang members, the relationship of power over the mind through psychological and ideological influences that form awareness and loyalty, elements of power that arise through symbols, rituals, and group structures, and resistance as a form of resistance to domination.

Model Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Komunitas di Apartemen Gateway Ahmad Yani Bandung

Sarah Asrina Rangkuti — 2026-06-10

The problem of urban waste is an increasingly complex environmental issue along with increasing urbanization and the growth of vertical housing. Gateway Ahmad Yani Apartment, Bandung, as a densely populated residential area, faces serious problems related to waste accumulation, limited transportation capacity, and low resident participation in waste management. This study aims to analyze the currently implemented waste management system, identify obstacles and efforts that have been made, and formulate a sustainable community-based waste management model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation studies, and online surveys as supporting data. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model. The results show that waste management at Gateway Ahmad Yani Apartment, Bandung is still conventional, namely collection and disposal without sorting, thus causing various environmental and social problems. The main obstacles include low awareness of residents, limited sorting facilities, and weak implementation of sanctions. Therefore, this study formulates a community-based waste management model that emphasizes active resident participation, the application of the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), a reward and sanction system, and collaboration between managers and the community. This model is expected to reduce waste generation, improve the quality of the residential environment, and support sustainable development.

Analisis Faktor dalam Keputusan Perusahaan Kecil dan Menengah Memilih Penyedia Layanan Billboard (Studi pada Pilar Advertising)

Citra Wanodya Rahmahani — 2026-06-10

This study aims to identify and describe the factors that shape the purchase decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises in selecting billboard service providers. The study is motivated by the risks, barriers, and uncertainties associated with using billboards as an outdoor advertising medium, which encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to conduct selective evaluations of service providers. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected from decision-makers at 56 small and medium-sized enterprises that are clients of Pilar Advertising in the Kediri Raya and analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results reveal nine factors influencing purchase decisions: price attractiveness, after-sales service, product attributes, service flexibility, information sources, trustworthiness, relationship quality, service adaptability, and relationship commitment, with price attractiveness emerging as the most dominant factor, reflecting the sensitivity of small and medium-sized enterprises to economic value considerations. This study contributes theoretically to a deeper understanding of organizational purchase decisions in the outdoor advertising industry and extends the application of the Theory of Trying within an organizational context. Practically, the findings provide insights for Pilar Advertising to better align its service strategies with client needs. The study is limited by its localized sample and the absence of external organizational decision-making factors in the research model; therefore, future research is recommended to expand the geographical scope, incorporate external variables, and conduct confirmatory analyses to validate the stability of the identified factor constructs.

Bridging Law, Ethics, and Learning the Urgent Need for Electronic Medical Record Integration in Clinical

Marsa Zaidan — 2026-06-10

The rapid advancement of health information technology has accelerated the transition of medical documentation from traditional paper-based records to Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). In the context of medical education, clinical students are expected to master accurate, efficient, and ethically responsible documentation practices as part of their professional competencies. However, the implementation of EMRs within teaching hospitals and medical schools continues to face significant challenges, particularly related to legal uncertainty, patient privacy protection, and the absence of comprehensive institutional policies governing student access and responsibility. This literature review aims to synthesize current evidence regarding the legal and ethical implications of EMR use by medical students and to assess the urgency of integrating structured EMR training into undergraduate and clinical medical curricula. A qualitative literature review was conducted using 22 relevant national and international studies published within the last decade. The findings indicate that EMR utilization contributes positively to the development of students’ clinical documentation skills, clinical reasoning, and readiness for professional practice in digital healthcare environments. Nevertheless, unresolved issues remain, including the legal status of student-generated medical records, potential violations of patient confidentiality, and unclear liability frameworks when documentation errors occur. Additional barriers identified include limited formal training, restrictive access policies, and inconsistent supervision during clinical rotations. This review highlights the urgent need for clear national regulations, standardized institutional policies, explicit education on digital health ethics, and structured EMR training programs within medical education. Such measures are essential to ensure legal compliance, safeguard patient rights, and adequately prepare future physicians to practice responsibly in increasingly digitalized healthcare systems.

Criminal Liabialty Based On the Child Nutrition of Vicarious Liabialty for Poisoning Cases in the Child Nutrition Program

Silvia Aprilia — 2026-06-10

The purpose of this study is to analyze criminal liability based on vicarious liability in a mass poisoning case that occurred during a nutritious food program for children, a government policy aimed at improving the nutritional quality of students. The problem arose when the food provided by the organizer did not meet food safety standards, resulting in harm to children as consumers who are legally entitled to safety and security as stipulated in the Consumer Protection Law. The approach used in this study is a normative legal method, analyzing legislation, legal doctrine, and the concept of criminal liability within the framework of employment relationships. The results of this study indicate that the program involved many parties, including local governments, catering providers, schools, and third parties involved in distribution. Therefore, the principle of vicarious liability is relevant for assessing the criminal liability of those who benefited, had authority, and were negligent in supervising the program. In conclusion, the application of the principle of vicarious liability can provide clarity regarding the primary responsibility in cases of negligence that lead to poisoning. It also serves as a basis for strengthening oversight mechanisms to ensure that the public program's goal of fulfilling children's rights does not become a potential loss to the community.

Pengaruh Tuntutan Kerja, Sumber Daya Kerja, dan Kesejahteraan terhadap Kinerja Awak Sarana Perkeretaapian di Pt Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)

Supriadi Supriadi — 2026-06-10

This study aims to analyze the influence of job demands, sumber daya kerja, and well-being on the Job Performance of Railway Crew Members (Awak Sarana Perkeretaapian/ASP) at PT KAI (Persero). The research model is developed based on the job demands –Resources (JD-R) framework, which emphasizes the balance between workload and available resources in shaping employee performance outcomes. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method to collect data through online questionnaires distributed to 200 respondents selected with proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that job demands have a positive and significant effect on Job Performance, although the effect is relatively small. job resources also have a positive and significant impact on Job Performance, particularly through social support from supervisors and coworkers, as well as the clarity of job objectives carried out by ASP. Meanwhile, employee well-being demonstrates the most dominant influence on Job Performance. The findings confirm the relevance of the JD-R model in the railway operational context and highlight the importance of organizational strategies in balancing high job demands with adequate job resources and well-being initiatives. Practically, these results can serve as a foundation for the company to formulate policies for improving ASP performance through better work schedule management, provision of adequate facilities, career development support, and strengthening of employee well-being programs.

Implementation of Positive Culture in Promoting Student Achievement and Learning Motivation: A Case Study at SD Negeri 3 Dewantara, North Aceh District)

Hasanun Hasanun — 2026-06-10

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of learning strategies and evaluation instruments focusing on content differentiation to enhance student understanding at the elementary school level. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach with multiple instrument data collection techniques. The results show that in the aspect of content differentiation, the use of Concrete Media (such as cliff boards) is the most effective strategy with a frequency of 16 references (35%), as it is able to facilitate real visualization of concepts for students. The data collection process is dominated by Observation techniques (32 references) and Grouping (29 references), indicating that direct behavioral monitoring and group dynamics are the main pillars in assessing the learning process. From the learning outcomes evaluation perspective, Oral Presentation (9 references) and Adaptive Rubric (8 references) are the most frequently used instruments for students to demonstrate their understanding. Overall, this study concludes that the combination of concrete media with structured observation methods and oral-based evaluation can significantly support the achievement of competencies and learning flexibility for elementary school students.

Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Guru dalam Penggunaan Literasi Informasi dan Literasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi di SD Negeri Pandan Sari Kecamatan Manyak Payed Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Nurida Nurida — 2026-06-11

This study analyzes elementary school teachers' digital literacy skills, specifically information and media literacy, in technology-based learning at SD Negeri Pandan Sari. Using qualitative descriptive methods with interviews, observations, and documentation analyzed through NVivo 15, the research reveals that teachers possess strong information literacy skills with ethical foundations and critical thinking, successfully converting information into engaging visual media. They demonstrate adequate media literacy, serving as creators of meaningful learning experiences and instructional designers. Key influencing factors include internal aspects (adaptive mindset, varied competencies, motivation, and confidence) and external factors (collaborative culture, budget availability, curriculum dynamics, infrastructure, and parental support). Despite 21st-century learning demands and challenges like limited training and digital access, teachers show continuous improvement in developing effective, varied teaching materials.

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kolaboratif Dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Melalui Materi Gaya Pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

Seri Ulina Keliat — 2026-06-11

This research is motivated by the learning of style material in grade IV of Alur Selalas Public Elementary School which is still conventional, causing students' critical thinking and collaborative skills to not develop optimally. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) on critical thinking and collaborative thinking skills, and to describe students' responses. The method used is an experiment with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 20 grade IV students. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, collaborative skills observations, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the application of the PBL model had a positive and significant effect. There was an average increase in critical thinking skills of 16.40 points (from 70.40 to 86.80). Collaborative skills also increased by 21.56 points (from 74.38 to 95.94). The increase in both skills occurred simultaneously, supported by contextual problem-solving activities in groups that stimulate analysis and collaboration. In addition, students gave a very positive response to learning with the PBL model, which was indicated by increased active involvement, conceptual understanding, a sense of togetherness, and self-confidence. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PBL model is effective in improving critical and collaborative thinking skills and has received a positive response from fourth-grade elementary school students on the topic of force. This model can be used as an alternative learning method to develop 21st-century competencies.

Analisis Permainan Tradisional dalam Mengoptimalkan Kreativitas dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SD Negeri 1 Bukit Tempurung Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Tengku Herlina Julia — 2026-06-11

This qualitative descriptive study examines how traditional games enhance creativity and critical thinking among students at SD Negeri 1 Bukit Tempurung, Aceh Tamiang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with teachers, students, and the principal, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. Findings show that traditional games like engklek and congklak create active, collaborative, and enjoyable learning environments that develop critical thinking through decision-making and strategy formulation, while fostering creativity through idea generation and alternative problem-solving. Supporting factors include a conducive environment, teacher support, game simplicity, and student enthusiasm, though challenges such as limited time and game variation exist. The study confirms that traditional games effectively enhance creativity, critical thinking, and learning motivation in elementary students, serving as a valuable alternative instructional strategy.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PBL dengan Pendekatan Etnosains terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kolaboratif Peserta Didik di Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar pada Materi Bagian Tubuh Tumbuhan

Rini Puspita Sari — 2026-06-11

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing an Ethnoscence-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on improving the critical thinking and collaborative skills of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Sungai Iyu on the topic of plant body parts. The research background is based on low student engagement, suboptimal critical thinking and collaboration skills, and the less-than-maximal implementation of contextual learning. The research method employed a Quasi-Experimental design of the Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. Data were collected through tests, observations, interviews, and questionnaires involving a sample of 32 students. The results indicate: (1) A significant improvement in critical thinking skills, with the average score increasing from 66.56 (31% mastery) to 79.53 (84% mastery). This is supported by a paired t-test (p=0.000) and regression analysis (Multiple-R = 0.871), indicating that the model explains 75.9% of the variation in improvement. (2) A highly positive improvement in collaborative skills, demonstrated by an increase in the average score from 26.63 (pretest) to 31.81 (posttest), with mastery reaching 84%. Significant test results (p=0.000) and regression analysis show a very strong relationship strength (Multiple R = 0.871). Observations and interviews illustrate that the PBL framework within a project to diagnose banana tree diseases fostered natural interaction, discussion, and role-sharing. (3) Student responses were highly positive; students were actively engaged and able to construct arguments based on a synthesis of scientific observations and local wisdom (ethnoscience), such as consulting with local farmers. The integration of PBL and ethnoscience effectively enhanced active engagement, appreciation for the relevance of science, and critical thinking and collaborative skills.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Digital dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Inovasi Guru pada Materi Ekosistem di Sekolah Dasar

Ruhaya Ruhaya — 2026-06-11

This study aims to develop digital learning media to enhance teachers’ creativity and innovation in teaching ecosystem content at the elementary school level. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The ADDIE model was selected because it is systematic, flexible, and oriented toward user needs analysis and continuous evaluation, thereby producing effective and applicable learning products. The study was conducted in Cluster IV of Nibong District, involving SDN 1 Nibong and SDN 3 Nibong. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The research instruments comprised expert validation sheets, response questionnaires, and learning achievement tests to measure the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed media. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis and product feasibility analysis. The results indicate that the digital learning media on ecosystem topics were developed based on an analysis of IPAS learning needs in elementary schools and were designed to be visually appealing, contextual, and interactive in accordance with students’ characteristics. The developed media cover ecosystem concepts, biotic and abiotic components, relationships among living organisms, food chains and food webs, and ecosystem balance, and are complemented with animations, illustrations, practice questions, summaries, and learning evaluations. Expert validation results showed a feasibility percentage of 90% from content experts and 89.23% from media experts, both categorized as very feasible. Small-scale and large-scale trials yielded feasibility percentages of 91% and 89%, respectively. The digital learning media proved effective in increasing student engagement and in fostering teachers’ creativity and innovation in IPAS learning. Therefore, the developed digital learning media are deemed feasible, practical, and effective for use in elementary schools.

Analisis Kompetensi Guru Berbasis Komunitas Belajar dan Strategi Optimalisasi Kominitas Belajar di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Rustini Rustini — 2026-06-11

This study aims to analyze teacher competencies based on learning communities and formulate strategies to optimize learning communities in elementary schools in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Teachers, as the main actors in the educational process, are required to continuously develop pedagogical, professional, social, and personality competencies. One approach considered effective in developing these competencies is through collaborative, reflective, and contextual teacher learning communities. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research subjects included elementary school teachers involved in the learning communities, school principals, and education supervisors. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out interactively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that teacher learning communities in Aceh Tamiang Regency have served as a space for sharing good practices, discussing learning issues, and strengthening understanding of the curriculum and innovative learning strategies. However, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as time constraints, variations in teacher participation, and suboptimal school managerial support. Therefore, strategies are needed to optimize learning communities through strengthening principal leadership, structured scheduling, facilitation based on teacher needs, and the use of digital technology as a collaboration medium. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions in developing teacher competencies and become a reference for educational stakeholders in strengthening learning communities in elementary schools.

Pengaruh Penerapan Pendidikan Karakter dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Sungai Iyu)

Safrina Safrina — 2026-06-11

This research examines the influence of character education implementation on improving discipline and responsibility values among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Sungai Iyu. Motivated by low parental involvement, lack of consistency in teachers' strategies, and limitations in character education effectiveness, this research aims to examine the influence of character education on student responsibility, investigate the relationship between discipline and responsibility, and analyze the relationship between character education implementation and responsible attitudes. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational survey method, this research involved 31 fifth-grade students, 3 teachers, and 31 parents at SD Negeri Sungai Iyu in the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research results show that the teachers' role is very positive (75%), while parents' responses show positive reactions, particularly in character education regulation (45.2%). The regulation of character education implementation contributes to an increase in discipline by 0.285. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.468 (p = 0.008) was found, proving a positive and significant relationship between character education and students' discipline and responsibility values. Simple linear regression analysis also confirms that character education has a significant influence of 21.9% on discipline and responsibility (Y = 16.235 + 0.285X). This indicates that character education is an effective instrument for developing responsible students.

Analisis Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Praktik Greenwashing dalam Perspektif Perdata Indonesia

Chesa Wastsaljideri — 2026-06-11

This research examines greenwashing practices in the context of civil law and consumer protection in Indonesia, which emerged as a response to increasing public environmental awareness accompanied by the prevalence of misleading eco-friendly claims. These practices cause economic losses to consumers, diminish public trust, and create legal problems that need to be addressed. Using a normative juridical method through a literature approach, the research examines laws and regulations, legal literature, journals, and court decisions to analyze the concept of greenwashing, its position under the Consumer Protection Law, and the forms of civil legal liability for businesses. The research findings indicate that greenwashing violates the principles of good faith, balance, and propriety, and can be categorized as product liability based on information defects, requiring businesses to provide compensation, contract cancellation, or other remedies to consumers. This research emphasizes the importance of strengthening regulations and consumer protection mechanisms to ensure honest, transparent, and sustainable business practices.

Pemanfaatan Aplikasi TikTok sebagai Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dalam Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi

Dita Iqlima — 2026-06-11

This study discusses the use of the TikTok application as an interactive learning medium in sociology subjects. The TikTok application has an important role as an interactive learning medium. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of the TikTok application as an interactive learning medium in sociology subjects and to determine how the TikTok application can build students' abilities and understanding in linking material to community life. The method used is a descriptive qualitative research method. Data were collected through observation and interview techniques. Based on the results of the study, the TikTok application is very helpful for students in understanding the concept of sociology material and its relationship to life in society. The TikTok application can also build students' abilities and understanding in understanding material and linking material to life in society by looking at current phenomena in the TikTok application, both political, social, and cultural issues at home and abroad. The existence of the TikTok application helps students construct knowledge through understanding and experience gained by students themselves.

Pengembangan Modul Deep Learning Tema Menjaga Lingkungan Untuk Menguatkan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Siswa SD Negeri 29 Kabupaten Sorong

Adrianus Tambing Bontong — 2026-06-12

ABSTRACT

This study aims to develop a Deep Learning-based learning module on the theme of environmental preservation to strengthen students’ environmental care character at SD Negeri 29 Sorong Regency. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects included elementary school teachers and students. Data were collected through expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, observations, and learning outcome tests. The results indicated that the developed module met validity standards based on expert evaluations of instruments, design, and content. The module was also categorized as highly practical, with an average student response score of 82.22%. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by improved learning outcomes and positive changes in students’ environmental care attitudes. Therefore, the Deep Learning-based module is feasible and effective for meaningful learning and strengthening environmental care character in elementary education.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan modul pembelajaran berbasis Deep Learning pada tema menjaga lingkungan untuk menguatkan karakter peduli lingkungan siswa SD Negeri 29 Kabupaten Sorong. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang meliputi analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas guru dan siswa sekolah dasar. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi validasi ahli, angket respons guru dan siswa, observasi, serta tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul memiliki tingkat validitas yang baik berdasarkan penilaian ahli instrumen, desain, dan materi. Modul juga dinilai sangat praktis oleh siswa dengan rata-rata persentase 82,22%. Efektivitas modul ditunjukkan melalui peningkatan hasil belajar dan perubahan sikap peduli lingkungan siswa setelah penggunaan modul. Dengan demikian, modul pembelajaran berbasis Deep Learning layak dan efektif digunakan untuk mendukung pembelajaran bermakna serta penguatan karakter peduli lingkungan di sekolah dasar.

Penerapan Model Pjbl Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Rantai Makanan di Kelas V UPTD SD Negeri 5 Jeunieb

Azuryati Azuryati — 2026-06-12

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in improving students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills on the topic of food chains in Grade V at UPTD SD Negeri 5 Jeunieb. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a field research design. The research was conducted during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results indicate that the implementation of learning using the Project Based Learning model on the food chain topic was carried out very well and in accordance with the PjBL syntax, which includes determining essential questions, designing the project, developing a schedule, implementing and monitoring the project, testing the results, and evaluating the learning experience. Observation results showed a learning implementation rate of 92.36%, categorized as very good. The application of the PjBL model also had a positive impact on improving students’ learning outcomes. This was evidenced by an increase in the number of students achieving learning mastery, from 6 students in the pretest to 11 students in the posttest. In addition, the PjBL model was effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills, with an average score of 75.00 in the good category. Students were able to identify problems, analyze relationships among living organisms in the food chain, express logical arguments, and draw conclusions based on observations and discussions. Therefore, the Project Based Learning model can be considered an effective alternative learning approach in elementary schools.

Analisis Penerapan Strategi Mindful Learning Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Siswa Kelas 3 SD Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta

Ika Ayu Wulandari — 2026-06-12

This study aims to analyze the application of mindful learning strategies and identify aspects that contribute to improving the academic achievement of third-grade students at Muhammadiyah 1 Elementary School in Surakarta. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with one teacher and 25 students as subjects. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using Creswell's qualitative analysis model with the principle of trustworthiness. The results of the study indicate that the improvement in students' academic achievement is influenced by several main aspects, namely: (1) increased focus and concentration of students during the learning process, (2) active student involvement through learning activities based on direct experience, (3) the development of students' metacognitive awareness in understanding and managing learning strategies, (4) the creation of a safe, calm, and emotionally conducive classroom environment, and (5) the readiness and understanding of teachers in applying the principles of mindful learning. These aspects encourage students to understand learning concepts more deeply, connect the material to their daily lives, and show improvement in academic evaluation results. However, it was found that a small number of students still require special assistance. Thus, mindful learning strategies have been proven effective in improving the academic achievement of elementary school students through the integrated strengthening of cognitive, affective, and metacognitive aspects.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Nasabah Atas Kerusakan atau Kehilangan Barang Jaminan (Studi pada PT. Pegadaian PERSERO Unit Aur Kuning Bukittinggi)

Viola Audra Jhunia — 2026-06-12

This research discusses the legal protection of customers for damage or loss of collateral at PT. Pawnshops (Persero), especially PT. Pawnshop Aur Kuning Unit Bukittinggi Branch. Pegadaian is one of the non-bank financial institutions that provides credit facilities with a pawn system for the public by providing collateral in the form of a pawn agreement. Goods that can be used as collateral in a pawn agreement are gold jewelry, motor vehicles, electronic goods, and property certificates that have economic value for the owner. In practice, the collateral will be stored by the pawnshop safely during the agreement period, but it is also possible if there will be damage or loss of the customer's collateral due to negligence or force majeure. The oni research aims to analyze the form of legal protection provided to customers in the event of loss or damage to collateral by using the Empirical Juridical research method, namely researching and interviewing directly with PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Aur Kuning Unit.

Hubungan Motivasi Perawat Dengan Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan di Instalasi Rawat Inap (IRNA) A Rsud Raden Mattaher Jambi

Leni Putri — 2026-06-12

Background:Nursing documentation is an essential component of nursing care as evidence of nurses’ professional accountability, an indicator of service quality, and a basis for clinical decision-making. A preliminary survey conducted at Raden Mattaher Regional General Hospital, Jambi, indicated that non-compliance among nurses in completing nursing care documentation still exists. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses’ motivation and the quality of nursing care documentation in Inpatient Installation A (IRNA A) at Raden Mattaher Regional General Hospital, Jambi. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a total sampling technique, involving 112 nurses and 87 nursing care documents. Data were collected using a nurses’ motivation questionnaire and an observation checklist based on Instrument A of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in accordance with the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards (SDKI), Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), and Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI). Univariate analysis was performed using frequency distributions, while bivariate analysis was conducted using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The results showed that most nurses had high motivation (91.1%), and most nursing care documentation was complete (64.3%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between nurses’ motivation and the completeness of nursing care documentation (p = 0.000; ρ = 0.487). It can be concluded that higher nurse motivation is significantly associated with more complete nursing care documentation. Therefore, efforts to improve nurses’ motivation through regular supervision and continuous training are strongly recommended to enhance the quality of nursing documentation.

Pengaruh Efisiensi dan Akuntabilitas Terhadap Efektivitas Anggaran dengan Transparansi Sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada Pemerintah Kota Jambi

Vema Rosalia — 2026-06-13

This study aims to analyse the influence of efficiency and accountability on budget effectiveness with transparency as a mediating variable in the Jambi City Government. Efficiency and accountability are key factors in budget management that can increase its effectiveness in this study. Transparency, as a supporting instrument, is believed to strengthen the relationship between efficiency, accountability, and budget effectiveness. This study examines all Regional Apparatus Organisations (OPD) in the Jambi City Government, which includes 27 OPDs involved in budget management, planning, reporting, and oversight. The method used is a quantitative approach with purposive sampling of employees directly involved in the process. Data was collected through questionnaires and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the direct and mediating relationships between the variables under study. It is hoped that the results of this study can contribute to improving efficiency, accountability, and transparency in regional budget management,as well as serving as a reference for the development of better regional financial management.

Melampaui Positivisme: Krisis Relevansi Epistemologis Penelitian Manajemen Pendidikan Tinggi dan Transformasi Universitas Berbasis Inovasi Sumber Daya Alam Lokal Untuk Pembangunan Sdm Unggul Indonesia 2045

Dany Rakca — 2026-06-13

Research on higher education management in Indonesia has largely been built upon a positivist paradigm that emphasizes measurability, generalization, and methodological rigor. While this approach has contributed to strengthening academic governance, its relevance is increasingly questioned as universities are expected to play a more active role in socio-economic transformation and the development of high-quality human resources. This article examines the epistemological relevance crisis of the positivist paradigm and proposes a reorientation of higher education management research toward more contextual and transformative approaches. Using a conceptual-critical perspective, the article demonstrates that the dominance of positivism tends to confine the role of universities to that of graduate producers, thereby neglecting their strategic capacity as centers of innovation and creators of economic value based on local natural resource potential. The conceptual findings of this article underscore that the adoption of post-positivist and transformative research paradigms is a prerequisite for strengthening university contributions to the agenda of independent natural resource governance, as articulated in the 2024–2029 Asta Cita Government Program. Consequently, reorienting the research paradigm of higher education management constitutes a crucial foundation for human capital development and the strengthening of nation-building efforts toward Indonesia Emas 2045.

Keefektifan Video Animasi Untuk Meningkatkan Interaksi Sosial Antar Teman Sebaya Pada Kelompok B Paud Dara Itam Ngabang

Nia Daniawati — 2026-06-13

Peer social interaction is an important aspect of early childhood social and emotional development. However, some children still experience difficulties in interacting, such as limited communication skills, low cooperation ability, and lack of participation in group activities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using animated videos to improve peer social interaction among Group B children at PAUD Dara Itam Ngabang. The study employed a quantitative approach with an experimental method using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 24 children. Data were collected through observation using a social interaction assessment sheet and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed an improvement in children’s social interaction across all observed indicators after the implementation of animated videos, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. Therefore, animated videos are proven to be effective as a learning medium to improve peer social interaction in early childhood.

Economic Loss, Strategic Gain: The Geoeconomic Logic Behind China’s Investment in the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail Project (JBHSR) in Indonesia

Dina Anjelina — 2026-06-13

The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (JBHSR) project, established by Indonesia and China is often perceived as an economic failure. The JBHSR project was initiated in 2015 as a pure business-to-business (B2B) project and was scheduled for completion in 2023. A series of problems have occurred in this project, such as construction delays, cost overruns, and low financial feasibility. Despite this, China continues the JBHSR project, which contradicts conventional economic logic, where investors choose to stop due to losses. China’s commitment sparks curiosity, leading to a question as the object of the author's analysis: why does China continue to invest in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail (JBHSR) project, even though the project is experiencing short-term financial losses? The author uses a geoeconomic approach by identifying China's actions in converting financial risks in the JBHSR project into strategic leverage for the purpose of sphere of influence, particularly in the Southeast Asian region. This research uses explanatory qualitative methods and data collection techniques based on literature studies. The research indicates that the economic challenges in the JBHSR project did not stop China's involvement, but instead strengthened the structural ties between Indonesia and China through the restructuring of financing from Indonesian loans and technology transfer. The JBSHR represents an economic loss-strategic gain paradox, meaning losses are not a barrier as long as the project successfully delivers significant geopolitical and geoeconomic benefits.

Eksplorasi Proses Kreatif Garis dalam Art Therapy untuk Menjaga Kesehatan Mental Siswa MAN 1 Kota Semarang

Tia Hafida Sasanti — 2026-06-13

Student mental health is an important aspect in the educational process, but the utilization of fine arts learning as a medium to support psychological well-being is still not optimal. This study aims to explore the creative process of line drawing in an art therapy approach as an effort to maintain the mental health of students at MAN 1 Semarang City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method. Data collection through observation of the creative process, in-depth interviews with students, and visual analysis of the line works. The analytical framework refers to Carol D. Ryff's theory of psychological well-being, specifically the dimensions of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and emotional regulation. The results show that the line characters produced by students such as vibrating, broken, repetitive curves, and short patterned lines represent the emotional state and subjective experiences of students during the drawing process. The creative process of line drawing functions as a medium for nonverbal expression, emotional regulation, and creating a sense of safety and comfort in art learning. These findings confirm that focusing on the creative process, not just the final work, allows for a deeper understanding of students' mental health conditions. This study contributes to the development of art therapy-based art learning practices in schools as a preventive and humanistic approach to supporting students' psychological well-being.

Supply Chain Risk Management Analysis Using the House of Risk (HOR) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) at PT XYZ

Putri Dwi Raudhatul Jannaah — 2026-06-13

The supply chain in the quartz sand mining and processing industry is characterized by a high level of uncertainty, which can potentially cause risks that disrupt operational performance. PT XYZ faces various supply chain risks across planning, mining, processing, and distribution activities, resulting in gaps between planned and actual production. The study focuses on evaluating risks within the supply chain and determining which mitigation measures should take priority. An integrated approach was applied, combining the SCOR model, the two phases of the House of Risk (HOR), and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) guided by the BOCR criteria. Data collection involved field observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and surveys. Out of 23 identified risk events and 23 associated agents, 14 were highlighted as the most critical based on the 80/20 Pareto rule, forming the foundation for targeted mitigation efforts. Further evaluation through HOR phase 2 resulted in 14 mitigation strategies, with strategy PA9 achieving the highest Effectiveness to Difficulty Ratio (ETDk) score of 3582. Furthermore, the ANP results indicate that Alternative 1 (PA9) has the highest priority weight of 0.12623, followed by Alternative 2 (PA3) with a weight of 0.11040 and Alternative 3 (PA1) with a weight of 0.10401. These three alternatives are therefore identified as the priority mitigation strategies for PT XYZ.

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Program Jaminan Kematian (JKM) Bpjs Ketenagakerjaan Tahun 2020-2024

Rizqi Eka Sukmayasa — 2026-06-13

The Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) is a public legal entity that administers the employment social security program, with relatively good financial performance in terms of contribution revenue, investment returns, and assets. However, in terms of claims, the Death Benefit Program (JKM) has shown the highest claims ratio compared to other programs over the past five years. In some months, the number of claims paid even exceeded contribution revenue, and there was a downward trend in the program's financial health. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of JKM implementation for the 2020–2024 period, analyze factors influencing efficiency, and formulate policy recommendations. Fifty-one monthly Decision-Making Units (DMUs) were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), followed by Tobit regression to identify the determinants of efficiency. The results indicate varying levels of technical efficiency, with 29 of the 51 months experiencing inefficiency. Investment yield, active participant growth, and the claims ratio had a positive and significant impact on efficiency, while the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant impact. Recommendations include strengthening investment management, expanding active participation, and evaluating contribution rates to maintain actuarial adequacy and program sustainability.

Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Media Canva Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

Aqilah Salsabila — 2026-06-13

This study aims to describe the characteristics of LKPD used in schools, design a conceptual design of Canva-based E-LKPD, and test the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Canva-based E-LKPD in improving the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students in the Pancasila Education subject. The study was conducted at SDN 53 Banyorang using the Research and Development (R&D) method through the ADDIE development model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection was carried out using validation instruments from material experts and media experts, observation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and critical thinking ability tests. The results of the study showed that the resulting product was a Canva-based E-LKPD on the material "Norms in My Life" in the Pancasila Education subject. The E-LKPD was declared very valid by material experts with a percentage of 91.75% and by media experts at 91.32%. The product was also declared very practical based on teacher responses with a percentage of 96.57% and student responses with an average of 95.27%. In terms of effectiveness, Canva-based E-LKPD media has been proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills as indicated by an increase in the average pretest score from 43.66% to 85.61% in the posttest, with an N-Gain value of 0.74 in the high category, and the results of the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (t = -17.181; p < 0.001). These results indicate that Canva-based E-LKPD media is suitable for use as a digital teaching material in Pancasila Education learning in elementary schools.

The Impact of Social Media on Language Evolution and Generation Z Identity: A Synthesis

Nurul Jumiati — 2026-06-15

This research provides a comprehensive synthesis of the impact of social media on language evolution and the formation of Generation Z identity. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media has become a primary communication tool triggering significant linguistic changes. This study aims to analyze language simplification, syntactic shifts, and the role of slang in shaping social identity. The method employed is a systematic literature review combining findings from three major studies on digital sociolinguistics. Findings indicate that social media encourages linguistic economy through abbreviations and phonetic spellings. Furthermore, digital platforms facilitate the emergence of "digital tribes" among Indonesian Gen Z, who utilize hybrid slang terms like "anjay" to assert in group identity. In conclusion, while social media enhances communication efficiency and emotional connectivity, it also challenges formal grammatical norms. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article..

Minat Beli Ulang (Winback) Program Bpjs Ketenagakerjaan Bagi Peserta Yang Telah Klaim Jht

Trisnal Trisnal — 2026-06-15

BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Employment Social Security Agency) is a social security institution that administers the JKK, JKM, JHT, JP, and JKP programs under Law No. 24 of 2011. The number of registered participants increased from 54.97 million (2019) to 61.08 million (2023), but the number of inactive participants remains high, at 19.5 million per year. JHT claims from 2019–2023 reached 14,340,989 cases, significantly higher than those for JKK and JKM, making it a potential target for winback strategies. However, the post-claim reactivation rate for JHT remains low. At the Mandailing Natal Branch Office, from January 2024–September 2025, only 306 of 5,702 claimants (5.3%) reactivated. This study uses the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (E-TPB) by adding perceived benefits and perceived risks to analyze repurchase intention. The quantitative survey method was applied using SEM-PLS analysis (SmartPLS 4). The results showed that subjective norms had the strongest influence on winback interest, followed by perceived benefits and perceived behavioral control. Conversely, attitudes toward the behavior and perceived risks were insignificant. These findings confirm that winback decisions are more influenced by social factors, belief in benefits, and ease of the reactivation process. Community-based strategies and service simplification are key to increasing participant sustainability.

Pengaruh Putaran Mesin dan Suhu Gas Buang Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Pada Mesin Induk Kapal KM Sangiang

Rangga Pradana Parikesid — 2026-06-15

Efficient fuel use is a major focus of the shipping industry in reducing operational costs and environmental impacts. This study analyzes the effect of engine speed (X1) and exhaust gas temperature (X2) on fuel consumption (Y) in a ship's main propulsion engine. This study aims to determine the effect of engine speed and temperature on fuel consumption in a ship's main propulsion engine. The research method used is quantitative to determine the effect of engine speed and exhaust gas temperature on fuel consumption of a ship's main propulsion engine. The research data sources were obtained from ship's logbooks and engine manuals, the data were analyzed using statistical methods to determine the relationship between engine speed and exhaust gas temperature on ship's fuel consumption. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between engine speed (RPM) and exhaust gas temperature variables on fuel consumption of the main propulsion engine. Where engine speed and exhaust gas temperature tend to increase fuel consumption of the ship's main propulsion engine. The implication of this study is the importance of controlling engine speed and exhaust gas temperature to optimize the efficiency of fuel consumption of the ship's main propulsion engine.

Partisipasi Politik Pemilih di Wilayah Bogor pada Pemasaran Politik

Salma Syaqra Nisa — 2026-06-15

Penelitian ini mengkaji partisipasi politik pemilih di wilayah Bogor dalam konteks pemasaran politik berbasis platform menggunakan model O-S-O-R (O1: multimodal connectedness, S: pemasaran politik, O2: kepercayaan politik, R: partisipasi politik) dengan perspektif kelompok usia. Pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dilakukan melalui survei terhadap 415 responden di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor dan dianalisis menggunakan PLS-SEM serta Multigroup Analysis untuk menguji perbedaan antar kelompok usia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran politik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepercayaan politik (β = 0,233; p < 0,001) dan terutama terhadap partisipasi politik (β = 0,356; p < 0,001). Sebaliknya, multimodal connectedness dan kepercayaan politik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap partisipasi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa partisipasi politik di era platform lebih dimobilisasi secara langsung oleh pemasaran politik dibandingkan melalui mekanisme psikologis berbasis kepercayaan. Analisis kelompok usia memperlihatkan pola mobilisasi yang berbeda antar generasi. Penelitian ini memperluas penerapan model O-S-O-R dalam konteks komunikasi politik berbasis platform serta memberikan implikasi teoretis bagi studi pemasaran politik dan perilaku pemilih.

Analisis Yuridis Akibat Hukum Pada Sengketa Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat Tanah Pada Putusan Nomor 58/Pdt/2022/Pt.Plk

Jovita Sesylia — 2026-06-15

The problem of overlapping land certificates reflects the weakness of the land administration system in Indonesia and the lack of thoroughness of the National Land Agency (BPN) in verifying physical and legal data. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of overlapping land certificate disputes as stipulated in the Palangka Raya High Court Decision Number 58/PDT/2022/PT.PLK, and to examine the procedures for canceling duplicate certificates in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, specifically the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN Number 11 of 2016 and Number 21 of 2020. The methodology used is normative juridical, utilizing a statutory approach and case studies. The results of the study indicate that certificates issued earlier have higher legal force based on the Prior Tempore Potior Jure principle, while certificates issued later and proven to be administratively flawed must be canceled. The National Land Agency (BPN) can be held legally responsible if it is negligent in the certificate issuance process. This research also found problems with the norms in the Basic Agrarian Law, Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, and Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN No. 11/2016 which caused a lack of synchronization between the authority of the BPN and the courts. Therefore, legislative reform and digitization of land data are very important to build a land administration system that is orderly, accountable, and guarantees legal certainty for the community.

Konflik Batin Tokoh Manji Film Blade of the Immortal Karya Takashi Miike_ Pendekatan Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud

Kurniawan Yuliadmojo — 2026-06-16

This study aims to identify and analyze the psychological conflict experienced by the main character in Takashi Miike's film Blade of the Immortal through Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. The study focuses on three personality structures: the id, ego, and superego, which shape Manji's character as the center of his inner struggle. The research method applied is qualitative with a naturalistic descriptive approach, emphasizing the interpretation of meaning and in-depth analysis of behavior, dialogue, and visual symbols in the film. The results show that Manji faces a complex inner conflict between aggressive impulses and the desire to atone for past mistakes. The id element is reflected in the fighting instinct, anger, and the urge to kill that are difficult to control. The superego appears as a moral voice, born from guilt and the desire to protect others, especially Rin, the girl who symbolizes Manji's self-redemption. Between the two, the ego functions as a balance, guiding Manji to think rationally and transform destructive impulses into meaningful actions, such as defending the weak and upholding justice. This psychological conflict also displays the use of self-defense mechanisms, including rationalization, sublimation, and undoing, which demonstrate Manji's adaptation process to trauma and regret. The dynamics between the id, ego, and superego reflect the human struggle to find balance between instinct and morality. Research findings confirm that inner conflict is at the heart of Manji's search for meaning and redemption, allowing his psychological journey to serve as a reflection of how humans navigate urges, morality, and regret in life.

Off-Record Strategies In Spousal Conflict: Violation Of The Principle Of Cooperation And Its Implications

Ni Wayan Novi Wulandari — 2026-06-16

This study analyzes Off-Record Strategies in the speech acts of married couples during conflict, based on dialogue from the film "Noktah Merah Perkawinan." This qualitative study uses a pragmatic approach, focusing on Brown and Levinson's Politeness Strategy theory and Grice's Cooperative Principle. The results show that implicit directive speech acts are predominantly used by married couples to express criticism. These Off-Record strategies are realized through systematic violations of the Cooperative Principle, including Violations of Quality (Irony/Sarcasm and Rhetorical Questions), Violations of Quantity, Violations of Relevance, and Violations of Manner. The primary function of these principle violations is to launch harsh criticism and moral demands on the partner while avoiding responsibility for verbal aggression. Thus, Off-Record serves as a weapon that corners the partner's character and prolongs the conflict.

Strategi Pengembangan Objek Wisata Noyo Gimbal View melalui Community Based Tourism (CBT)

Meytria Anggita — 2026-06-17

The development of Noyo Gimbal View tourist attraction still faces challenges related to uneven community involvement, suboptimal utilization of village potential, and unstructured management, resulting in its impact not being fully felt by residents. This study aims to formulate a tourism development strategy through a Community Based Tourism approach by examining the economic, social, cultural, environmental, and political aspects that influence destination management. The research uses qualitative methods through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to understand the role of the community and stakeholders in tourism development. The results show that Noyo Gimbal View is able to encourage village economic growth through increased visits, the opening of job opportunities, and the development of local businesses. Socially, the community provides high support and is actively involved in tourism operations. Culturally, this destination plays a role in preserving local arts and traditions, while environmentally, waste management and visitor education have been implemented, although improvements are still needed. The support of the village government and the role of local economic institutions have contributed to the smooth management of the destination, but the absence of formal regulations remains an obstacle. In general, tourism development has moved towards a community-based model, but it requires strengthening community capacity, management innovation, and the formulation of more comprehensive regulations.

Maskulinitas dalam Novel Dua Garis Biru Karya Lucia Priandarini dan Kumpulan Puisi Aku Lelaki Setia Menunggumu Karya Maman Suherman

Tegar Prasetyo — 2026-06-17

This study examines the comparison of the representation of masculinity in two contemporary Indonesian literary works: the novel Dua Garis Biru by Lucia Priandarini and the collection of poems Aku Lelaki Setia Mengnggumu by Maman Suherman. Its main purpose is to describe the similarities and differences in the concept of masculinity represented through the characters in the two works. This type of research uses a qualitative-descriptive-comparative approach, data is analyzed through in-depth text studies. Researchers act as the primary instrument in collecting, classifying, and interpreting textual data. The results of the study show that both works display a variety of masculinities that can be classified into several types. These types include: (a) Gladiator-retro man, ie men who control their minds with 55 data; (b) Protector, the man who always protects there are 16 data; (c) Clown or buffon, a man with a brave gesture there are 47; and (d) Wimp, a gentle and active male figure, there are 63 data. The concept of Gay man is also used as a comparative theoretical framework in analysis. In conclusion, this comparison between the novel and the collection of poetry highlights the peculiarities of the representation of masculinity in each character. Despite differences in characterization, both works consistently construct the image of the "real man" within a heteronormative framework, explicitly distinguished from the representation of homosexual masculinity.

Systematic Literatur Review (SLR): Manajemen Konflik dan Perilaku Organisasi dalam Menciptakan Lingkungan Kerja Kondusif di Sekolah

Victor Budi Leatemia — 2026-06-17

Conflict is an inevitable part of organizational life, including in educational organizations such as schools. Interactions involving individuals with different backgrounds, interests, perceptions, and roles have the potential to cause conflict, whether between teachers, between teachers and principals, or with parents. If conflicts are not managed properly, they can have a negative impact on the school climate, reduce teacher performance, and disrupt the quality of the learning process. Conversely, conflicts that are managed effectively can become a means of organizational learning, strengthen cooperation, and create a conducive work environment. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of conflict management and organizational behavior in creating a conducive work environment in schools through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were obtained from reputable national journal articles published in the last five years (2020–2025), which were collected through the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish application. A total of 13 relevant articles were systematically analyzed to identify patterns, strategies, and key findings related to conflict management, organizational behavior, and organizational culture in educational settings. The results of the study show that the application of collaborative, communicative, and problem-solving-oriented conflict management contributes significantly to improving teacher performance and creating a harmonious school climate. Organizational behavior supported by a positive organizational culture, visionary and open school leadership, and effective communication has been proven to minimize the negative impact of conflict and turn it into opportunities for performance improvement and innovation. Thus, conflict management and organizational behavior are strategic elements that not only function as problem-solving mechanisms but also as instruments for strengthening the quality of educational organizations in a sustainable manner.

Pengaruh Integrasi Model Pembelajaran Everyone Is the Teacher Here dan Two Stay Two Stray Terhadap Keterampilan Bernegosiasi (Studi Eksperimen pada Kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Palu)

Nurul Iffah Agam Zuhdi — 2026-06-17

This study investigates the effect of integrating the Everyone Is the Teacher Here and Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning models on senior high school students’ negotiation speaking skills. The research employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants were 32 tenth-grade students at a public senior high school in Palu, Indonesia. Data were collected through oral negotiation performance tests assessed using a validated rubric covering negotiation stages, language use, content relevance, articulation, tone, and attitude. The results show a significant improvement in students’ negotiation skills after the implementation of the integrated learning models. The mean score increased from 74.38 in the pretest to 85.25 in the posttest. Statistical analysis using a paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (Sig. = 0.001 < 0.05). Furthermore, the normalized gain analysis yielded an average N-Gain score of 0.36 (36%), indicating a moderate level of effectiveness. Qualitative observations also revealed improvements in students’ ability to present structured arguments, apply appropriate negotiation stages, use polite and persuasive language, and demonstrate clearer articulation and more confident speaking attitudes. In conclusion, the integration of Everyone Is the Teacher Here and Two Stay Two Stray is effective in enhancing students’ negotiation speaking skills and supports the development of communicative competence through collaborative and student-centered learning.

Kepemimpinan Visioner–Digital dan PDCA di Sekolah Swasta: PRISMA SLR dengan Validasi Lapangan (Grand Tour), 2014–2025

Aas Amelia — 2026-06-17

This study aims to examine the role of visionary and digital leadership in improving the quality of private schools through a data-driven PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. Using a mixed-evidence approach, this study combines a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and a grand tour to map and validate findings in the field. The results indicate that principals who implement visionary and digital leadership can foster collaboration among teachers, encourage innovation in learning, and increase transparency in performance monitoring through the use of technology such as a Learning Management System (LMS) and dashboards. Although the Plan and Do phases are effective, the Act phase of the PDCA cycle still requires strengthening documentation and more structured follow-up. This study also found that utilizing digital technology to support data-driven decision-making is crucial for achieving sustainable improvement in schools. The implication of this study is the importance of strengthening the structure of follow-up and more systematic data-driven collaboration in private schools to improve educational quality. However, this study has limitations in terms of generalizability, as it only covers one school location and does not consider other external factors.

Reformulation of National Defense Policy Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology for Decision-Making

Ghazalie Ghazalie — 2026-06-17

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into national defense strategy has emerged as a pivotal necessity amid increasing geopolitical tensions, cyber threats, and the evolution of modern warfare. This essay explores the reformulation of national defense policy in Indonesia by leveraging AI technologies to enhance strategic decision-making, operational effectiveness, and national security resilience. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, the study highlights how AI contributes to intelligence analysis, military simulation, autonomous weapons systems, and cyber defense infrastructure. However, the integration of AI also presents complex challenges, including cybersecurity vulnerabilities, ethical dilemmas related to autonomous decision-making in combat, and the lack of standardized international regulations. The study underscores the need for comprehensive policy reform that balances technological innovation with adherence to humanitarian and international law. Drawing upon global case studies—from the European Union’s strategic autonomy initiatives to Nordic operational cooperation and post-Brexit UK-EU security dynamics—the paper identifies best practices and policy gaps. Key recommendations include strengthening cyber defense systems, developing ethical oversight mechanisms, improving regulatory clarity, and fostering international cooperation on AI governance in defense. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of human-centered AI deployment and the development of skilled military personnel capable of managing AI-based systems. The findings support the necessity for Indonesia to adopt an adaptive, ethical, and collaborative AI defense policy that aligns with global norms while preserving national sovereignty and security. This reformulation ensures that AI becomes not just a tool of modernization, but a strategic asset that enhances both the deterrent and responsive capacities of the state in an increasingly uncertain global security environment.

Peran Budaya Miliran Yogyakarta dalam Mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 11 Melalui Pendekatan Community Security

Harits Dwi Wiratma — 2026-06-18

This study aims to analyze the role of Kampung Budaya Miliran, Yogyakarta, in realizing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, specifically target 11.3 on participatory and sustainable urbanization and target 11.4 on the protection of cultural heritage, using a community security approach. This perspective serves as an alternative in contemporary international relations, emphasizing the relevance of non-state actors and local communities at the grassroots level in responding to the global sustainable development agenda. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with observation and interview techniques. The findings show that various community-based cultural activities—such as cultural carnivals, art studios, Javanese script education (pawiyatan aksara Jawa), traditional ceremony training (pranata cara), and communal traditions—function not only as practices of cultural preservation but also as mechanisms for strengthening social cohesion and protecting local identity. The community security approach contributes to the implementation of community-based initiatives by Miliran residents in developing and expressing their programs amid the current era of modernization. Kampung Budaya Miliran stands as one example of a village in Yogyakarta that is able to apply global values in line with SDG 11 targets 11.3 and 11.4. Therefore, the contributions of local communities and residents can be considered an alternative and innovative approach within international relations studies. This perspective strengthens the analysis of community security cases in relation to sustainable development, particularly SDG 11 targets 11.3 and 11.4.

Peran Gates Foundation Dalam Mewujudkan Keamanan Kesehatan Di Indonesia Tahun 2023-2024

Diansari Solihah Amini — 2026-06-18

Health is one of the fundamental rights of the people that must be facilitated by the state. In realizing adequate health conditions, Indonesia cooperates with various actors, both state and non-state. One of the actors that plays a role in promoting adequate health in Indonesia is the Gates Foundation. The Gates Foundation is a family philanthropic organization that operates in the fields of health, gender equality, global development, and education. Through cooperation between Indonesia and the Gates Foundation, this study examines the contributions of the Gates Foundation to the realization of health security in Indonesia. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method by utilizing secondary data collected from relevant literature and documents. Using the concepts of philanthropy and health security, the role of the Gates Foundation in Indonesia is manifested through research initiatives on telehealth, the digitalization of health services, the strengthening of health policies, tuberculosis genomic surveillance, and vaccine development, also monitoring of women's and children's health.

Restructuring National Defense Policy through the Integration of Artificial Intelligence for Strategic Decision-Making

M. Taher AM — 2026-06-18

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed the strategic environment of national defense by increasing the speed, volume, and complexity of information that must be processed before policy and operational decisions are made. This article analyzes how AI can be integrated into national defense policy as a strategic decision-support capability while maintaining legal, ethical, and institutional control. Using a qualitative literature study and policy analysis, the article synthesizes peer-reviewed studies, defense policy documents, and responsible-AI governance frameworks published between 2018 and 2024. The analysis shows that AI can strengthen defense decision-making through intelligence data fusion, predictive threat assessment, cyber defense, logistics optimization, command-and-control support, and military training simulation. However, AI integration also creates risks related to algorithmic bias, data security, accountability, human oversight, interoperability, technological dependence, and uneven institutional readiness. The article proposes a policy reformulation model based on six pillars: clear legal mandate, responsible AI governance, secure data and digital infrastructure, human-AI teaming, accountable acquisition and testing, and cross-sector collaboration. The study concludes that AI should not be positioned as a replacement for commanders or policymakers, but as a controlled decision-support instrument that improves the quality and timeliness of strategic choices. A defense policy that combines technological innovation with human judgment, ethical safeguards, and institutional resilience is essential for strengthening national defense in an increasingly complex security environment.

Adaptasi Mindfulness in Teaching Scale Versi Indonesia

Dina Julia Ilham — 2026-06-19

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi Mindfulness in Teaching Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Frank, Jennings & Greenberg (2015) ke dalam versi Indonesia serta memvalidasi struktur multidimensinya pada guru pra sekolah. Proses adaptasi dilakukan melalui penerjemahan, back translation, dan penilaian ahli, kemudia diuji coba pada 150 guru pra sekolah di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mindfulness in teaching versi Indonesia memiliki validitas isi dan konstruk yang kuat dengan dua dimensi yang konsisten. Dimensi intrapersonal ditemukan memiliki kontribusi yang paling besar dalam membentuk konstruk mindfulness in teaching dalam merepresentasikan kompleksitas pengalaman mengajar guru pra sekolah di Indonesia serta menyediakan instrument yang valid untuk keperluan penelitian dan pengembangan intervensi bagi guru pra sekolah.

Praktik Komunikasi Persuasif Host Live TikTok dalam Kompetisi Perang Koin

Ulul Azmi — 2026-06-19

This study aims to analyze the persuasive communication practices used by TikTok Live hosts in the Perang Koin competition. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to describe the application of persuasion strategies used directly during the broadcast. The research subjects consisted of four Indonesian hosts selected based on the criteria of actively participating in the competition at least three times a week, having a high intensity of verbal communication, and receiving active responses from the audience. The four hosts represented different audience size categories, namely @sweetlycandy2505 (1–100 viewers), @emak.dan. abah5 (100–1000 viewers), @fikinaki (1000–10,000 viewers), and @rianarifinnn09 (more than 10,000 viewers). The results of the study show that hosts apply Cialdini's principles of persuasion, such as liking, reciprocity, unity, scarcity, social proof, and authority, dynamically according to the stages of the competition and audience responses. Hosts with low viewership tend to use emotional and personal approaches to build rapport, while hosts with high viewership emphasize an authoritative and theatrical communication style that emphasizes urgency and group solidarity. Persuasive communication in Coin War is performative, emotional, and adaptive, where the host's ability to adjust their communication style and manage emotions plays an important role in encouraging audience participation and digital gift-giving behavior.

Strategi Penguatan Komitmen Organisasional Guru dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Program Guru Penggerak di Lingkungan SMA/K Kabupaten Bandung

Erif Deyussaswati — 2026-06-19

The Guru Penggerak Program (PGP) is a strategic initiative designed to strengthen teachers’ instructional leadership and improve educational quality in Indonesia. However, its implementation in senior high schools (SMA/SMK) in Kabupaten Bandung faces challenges, including inconsistent post-training mentoring and uneven impact dissemination. This qualitative descriptive-analytical study examines the program’s effectiveness, teachers’ organizational commitment, and strategies to enhance sustainable impact. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Guru Penggerak teachers, principals, and supervisors, supported by participant observation and questionnaires from 34 teachers. Findings show that PGP is generally effective, fostering student-centered practices and increased teacher initiative, though its success depends on principal support. Teachers demonstrate strong affective commitment, moderate continuance commitment, and weaker normative commitment. Using the SOAR framework and 5-I stages, strategies are proposed across short-, medium-, and long-term phases to strengthen networks and integrate PGP values into school culture.

The Implementation of the CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) Instructional Strategy to Improve the Learning Outcomes of Grade XI Students of the Motorcycle Engineering Department in the Engine Systems Subject at SMK Negeri 12 Malang

Rafi Krisna Arisandy Dika Ragil Fahrezy — 2026-06-19

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of Grade XI students of the Motorcycle Engineering Department in the Engine Systems subject through the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) instructional strategy. This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages, involving 32 students of Grade XI Motorcycle Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 12 Malang. Data were collected through learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests, as well as observation sheets for student and teacher activities, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results showed that CTL significantly improved students' learning outcomes, with average scores in Cycle I increasing from 66.75 to 83.94, and in Cycle II from 75.06 to 88.25. This strategy also enhanced student participation, learning engagement, and the ability to relate Engine Systems concepts to real-life situations and the automotive industry context. It was concluded that CTL is effective in improving learning outcomes and the quality of the learning process in vocational education, particularly in the Engine Systems subject.

Klasifikasi Risiko Kredit Nasabah Menggunakan Algoritma Machine Learning dan Teknik Explainable AI

Ismi Hayati Nabila — 2026-06-19

The banking sector faces a major challenge in the form of credit risk due to customers' inability to repay loans, which can threaten financial stability. Traditional methods are less effective at handling complex data and class imbalances, so a machine learning approach is needed to improve classification accuracy. This study compares the performance of the Naïve Bayes, AdaBoost, Random Forest, and XGBoost algorithms on the German Credit dataset (1000 entries, 70% low risk and 30% high risk) with SMOTE techniques to overcome class imbalances as well as SHAP as Explainable AI for model interpretability. Data processing is carried out using Python (Pandas, Scikit-learn, XGBoost, SHAP) in Google Colab, including preprocessing (handling missing values, encoding, scaling), 10-fold cross-validation evaluation, and SHAP analysis. The results showed that Random Forest achieved the best performance with an average accuracy of 87% (Std: 0.036), precision 0.88, recall 0.87, F1-score 0.87, and ROC-AUC 0.93, followed by XGBoost (85%, Std: 0.041). Naïve Bayes and AdaBoost only reached 81%. SHAP analysis revealed Credit Amount and Duration as the most influential features on high risk prediction (positive correlation ~0.62). The ensemble model excels in accuracy and stability, while the integration of SMOTE and SHAP improves minority class recall as well as transparency for banking decision-making. This study outperformed previous studies (71.33% in ANN and 83% in Random Forest) thanks to the combination of these techniques, supporting more accurate, ethical, and regulated credit risk management in financial institutions.

Independent and Active Foreign Policy: A New Perspective for Developing National Defense Capabilities

Rizal Yusuf — 2026-06-19

This study explores the strategic transformation of Indonesia’s Bebas Aktif (independent and active) foreign policy as a foundation for strengthening national defense capabilities in the evolving Indo-Pacific security landscape. Historically rooted in non-alignment and moral diplomacy, Bebas Aktif has guided Indonesia’s international engagement since the early post-independence era. However, the twenty-first century’s multipolar order, characterized by technological rivalry, asymmetric threats, and the digitalization of warfare, demands a redefinition of the doctrine into a framework of strategic autonomy. Employing a qualitative–descriptive approach supported by document and thematic analysis, this research examines the convergence of diplomacy, defense modernization, and technological adaptation as instruments of national resilience. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s evolving policy behavior increasingly reflects instrumental neutrality, in which defense diplomacy and multilateral cooperation enhance sovereignty without dependency. Furthermore, the adoption of Network-Centric Warfare (NCW), cyber diplomacy, and defense-industrial partnerships illustrates Indonesia’s transition from moral leadership to strategic maturity. Nonetheless, challenges persist in interagency coordination, cyber vulnerability, and industrial capacity. The study concludes that integrating diplomacy and defense within a comprehensive national strategy anchored by technological innovation and human capital development is imperative for Indonesia to maintain sovereignty and influence amid global power competition. Thus, Bebas Aktif emerges not as a relic of neutrality but as a dynamic doctrine of adaptive resilience in the Indo-Pacific era.

The Effect of Train Noise on Comfort Perception and Adaptive Behavior of Urban Café Visitors

Ladina At-Qadar Supriyadi — 2026-06-26

Cafes located near railway lines face the challenge of environmental disturbances that can potentially affect the comfort and behavior of users. This study aims to analyze the influence of disturbance levels on the comfort perceptions and adaptive behavior of cafe visitors and employees. The study was conducted at a café in South Jakarta, approximately 40 meters from an active railway line. The research method used a quantitative, descriptive, explanatory approach through field disturbance measurements using a sound level meter and a Likert-based user perception survey. The study showed that disturbance levels in the outdoor area of the café consistently met the recommended comfort threshold, while the indoor area experienced a decrease in sound intensity but remained in the moderate category. However, visitors' perceptions of discomfort remained at low to moderate levels, accompanied by the emergence of adaptive behaviors such as selecting seating areas, adjusting speaking volume, and tolerating short disturbance durations. These findings indicate that train disturbances influence user comfort and behavior, but these effects are moderated by the spatial context and individual adaptability. This research has important implications for cafe design in areas exposed to rail transportation disturbances.

Realisasi Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai Perwujudan Pilar Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan : Studi Kasus PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra

Ni Km. Silvia Darmaningrum — 2026-06-26

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an instrument that bridges business interests with corporate social obligations, which will actually represent a company's impact on the economic, environmental, and social sectors in which the company operates. Running in line with regulations, 4% of the net profit of BUMN will be required to be allocated as CSR funds, which are then called Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL). Often the effectiveness of its distribution is called only ceremonial and the location of the target is questioned. This study aims to examine the application of implementation and strategy at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra with reference to the four pillars of the TJSL program. Through the application of qualitative research methods, a case study approach at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra with reference to the concept of CSR implementation and alignment of the Triple Bottom Line. This study results that the realization of Corporate Social Responsibility at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra has demonstrated efforts to transform and balance between ceremonial assistance and sustainable community empowerment programs through the four pillars of the TJSL program. This realization requires a company commitment to create stability between community needs and build shared interests of stakeholders. And efforts to optimize program monitoring are needed to cover quality control gaps in the field in order to build a reporting stage that has implications for sustainability.

eroperasi. Berjalan slaras dengan peraturan atas 4% dari laba bersih perusahaan BUMN akan wajib dialokasikan sebagai dana CSR yang kemudian disebut Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL). Seringkali efektivitas penyalurannya diserukan hanya bersifat seremonial dan dipertanyakan letak kemerataan sasarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah aplikasi atas implementasi dan strategi pada PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra dengan acuan empat pilar program TJSL. Melalui penerapan metode penelitian kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra dengan mengacu pada konsep implementasi CSR dan penyelarasan Triple Bottom Line. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa realisasi Corporate Social Responsibility PT Pelabuhan Indonesia Sub Regional Bali Nusra telah menunjukkan upaya transformasi dan penyeimbangan antara bantuan bersifat seremonial dengan program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berkelanjutan melalui empat pilar program TJSL. Realisasi tersebut diperlukan komitmen perusahaan untuk menciptakan kestabilan antara kebutuhan masyarakat dan membangun kepentingan bersama pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders). Serta upaya mengoptimalkan monitoring program diperlukan untuk menutupi celah kontrol kualitas di lapangan guna membangun tahap pelaporan yang berimplikasi pada keberlanjutan.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbasis Multikultural dalam Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di Sekolah Dasar untuk Meningkatkan Toleransi dan Empati

Jamaludin Jamaludin — 2026-06-26

This study aims to examine the implementation of a multicultural-based inquiry learning model in Social Studies instruction at the elementary school level and its impact on improving students’ tolerance and empathy. The research was conducted at SD Negeri Lung Manyo, Aceh Tamiang Regency, an elementary school with a culturally diverse student population. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation analysis. The findings reveal that the multicultural-based inquiry learning model was implemented through the stages of orientation, problem formulation, data collection, data analysis, and conclusion drawing by integrating cultural diversity values into the learning process. The implementation of this model positively influenced students’ tolerance, as reflected in their respect for differences, openness to diverse opinions, and ability to collaborate. Furthermore, students’ empathy also improved, as indicated by increased concern for others’ feelings, the ability to understand different perspectives, and more positive social behavior. The study concludes that the multicultural-based inquiry learning model is effective in fostering tolerance and empathy in elementary Social Studies learning.

Analisis Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan Melalui Permainan Tradisional dalam Menginternalisasikan Nilai Karakter Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Sutarman Sutarman — 2026-06-26

This study aims to analyze Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning through traditional games as a medium for integrating character values among elementary school students. The background of this research is rooted in the dominance of physical-oriented PJOK learning, the limited utilization of local wisdom as instructional media, and the insufficient understanding among teachers regarding the importance of character education in PJOK. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research was conducted at SD Negeri Jamur Labu, Aceh Tamiang, involving 25 fifth-grade students and three key informants consisting of the school principal, the PJOK teacher, and the fifth-grade homeroom teacher. Data were analyzed using NVivo software to identify themes related to planning, implementation, and learning impact. The findings indicate that PJOK learning that incorporates traditional games is systematically planned and directed toward character development. Teachers select age-appropriate, safe, simple, and meaningful traditional games that promote honesty, cooperation, discipline, and sportsmanship. During the implementation phase, teachers act as facilitators who guide students to practice character values, mediate conflicts, reinforce discipline, appreciate positive behavior, and conduct reflective learning through storytelling activities. Furthermore, the study reveals that traditional games significantly contribute to character development, as shown by improvements in students’ honesty, discipline, confidence, cooperation, respect toward peers, and comfort in social interaction. Despite challenges related to limited space, weather conditions, and shy students, teachers successfully adapt their strategies to achieve learning objectives.

Public Policy and National Defense in Border Area Management: An Analysis of National Security Strategy

Wisnu Saputro — 2026-06-26

Border area management plays a strategic role in strengthening state sovereignty and supporting an adaptive national defense system. This article analyzes the interconnection between public policy and national defense strategies in the context of Indonesia’s border management, using a qualitative-descriptive approach based on literature review and theoretical analysis. In addressing multidimensional threats such as infiltration, smuggling, terrorism, and geopolitical crises, border management must be integrative, adaptive, and sustainable. The analysis reveals that public policy holds a central role in shaping governance frameworks that support infrastructure development, basic services, and community empowerment in border regions. Meanwhile, national defense strategies must adopt advanced technologies such as drones, data-based surveillance systems, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance threat detection and response effectiveness. Synergy between central government, local authorities, and local communities through a multilevel governance approach proves critical in establishing a responsive border management system. Furthermore, the integration of economic, technological, and defense dimensions forms the foundation for transforming border areas into not only defense zones but also centers of economic growth and strategic diplomacy. This article recommends strengthening data-driven policies, strategic innovation, and international cooperation to build a robust, inclusive, and globally competitive national security system

Analisis Penggunaan Canva Dalam Pembelajaran PPKn Untuk Mengembangkan Sikap Berkebinekaan Global Dan Kemampuan Bernalar Kritis Siswa SD Kelas IV

Abdullah Abdullah — 2026-06-27

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using Canva as a digital learning medium in Civics Education (Pancasila and Citizenship Education) for developing global diversity awareness and critical thinking skills among fourth-grade elementary school students. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 3 Nisam Antara using a qualitative descriptive approach with a project-based learning design. Data were collected through classroom observations, student activity records, performance assessments, and documentation of learning products created using Canva, including posters, infographics, presentations, videos, and campaign materials. The findings indicate that the systematic integration of Canva significantly enhanced student engagement and learning quality. Student participation increased markedly, with all students actively involved in learning activities and an overall implementation score categorized as very good. The use of Canva effectively developed students’ global diversity competence across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, reflected in improved understanding of cultural diversity, increased empathy and tolerance, and positive collaborative behaviors in heterogeneous groups. In addition, students’ critical thinking skills improved substantially across key indicators, including questioning ability, distinguishing facts from opinions, constructing logical arguments, synthesizing information, and proposing creative solutions. The study concludes that Canva functions not merely as a presentation tool but as a meaningful pedagogical medium that facilitates the integrated development of character values and higher-order thinking skills. This research demonstrates that well-designed digital project-based learning using visual media can simultaneously strengthen global diversity awareness and critical thinking, contributing significantly to the realization of student character development in elementary education.

Measuring Justice and Child Protection: A Juridical Study of the Marriage Dispensation After the Enactment of Law Number 16 of 2019

Vivi Novita Yulambangsari — 2026-06-27

The revision of Law Number 1 of 1974 through Law Number 16 of 2019 brought significant legal changes, particularly regarding the setting of the minimum age for marriage at 19 years for both men and women. This policy was designed to improve child protection and reduce the number of early marriages. However, the continued prevalence of marriage dispensation requests in religious courts indicates that the implementation of this regulation has not been fully effective and still leaves problems at the level of legal application. This study aims to examine the legal regulations regarding marriage dispensation after the enactment of Law Number 16 of 2019, identify the basis for judges' considerations in deciding dispensation cases, and evaluate the extent to which these decisions reflect the principles of justice and child protection. The approach used is normative juridical, combining analysis of legislation and case studies. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed qualitatively to gain a comprehensive understanding. The research findings reveal that although the minimum age for marriage has been raised, the existence of marriage dispensation still creates room for suboptimal child protection goals. Judges' considerations generally relate to empirical circumstances such as out-of-wedlock pregnancy and the family's socio-economic issues. However, not all of these considerations align with the principle of the child's best interests. Therefore, strengthened regulations and oversight mechanisms are needed for the practice of granting dispensations to maximize the principles of justice and child protection.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Karakter dan Pemahaman Konsep Materi Indahnya Kebersamaan pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kuala Batee

Raihan Riska — 2026-06-27

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in improving students’ character and conceptual understanding of the material Indahnya Kebersamaan (The Beauty of Togetherness), as well as the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning model compared to conventional teaching methods in Grade IV of SDN Kuala Batee. The research method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with SWOT analysis. The subjects of this research were 25 fourth-grade students of SDN Kuala Batee, consisting of 15 female students and 10 male students. Data collection techniques included tests, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Project Based Learning is able to improve students’ character as well as their conceptual understanding of the material Indahnya Kebersamaan. Through project-based activities, students demonstrated significant development in cooperation, responsibility, tolerance, and the courage to express opinions. Collaborative activities such as group discussions, poster creation, and presentations encouraged students to be more active, confident, and positively engaged with their peers. In addition, students' conceptual understanding strengthened, as evidenced by the increase in learning mastery from meeting I to meeting IV, ultimately reaching 100%. The Project Based Learning model is more effective than conventional teaching methods in Grade IV of SDN Kuala Batee. This effectiveness is seen from the significant improvement in learning mastery, the shift from passive to active student participation, and the increasingly conducive and structured classroom environment. Students appeared more enthusiastic and directly involved in the learning process because PBL allowed them to experience, create, and collaborate in completing various projects.

Analisis Pemborosan Waktu Pelayanan Dengan Metode Lean Healthcare dan Root Cause Analysis 5 Why (Studi Kasus: Poli Saraf RSUD dr. Darsono Pacitan)

Prasetyo Mukti — 2026-06-27

Healthcare services demand speed, accuracy, and quality to meet expectations and increase patient satisfaction. However, in practice, waste is still frequently encountered in service flows, such as long queues, long waiting times, data recording errors, and inefficient manual activities. This situation also occurs at the Neurology Clinic at dr. Darsono Pacitan Regional Hospital, the main referral hospital in Pacitan Regency. This study aims to identify forms of waste in services at the Neurology Clinic and propose improvements to increase service efficiency. The method used is the Lean Healthcare approach with the assistance of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and the 5 Whys technique to identify the root causes of problems. The analysis using BPM showed that the initial service lead time was 127 minutes. After implementing the improvement recommendations, non-value-added activities were completely eliminated, reducing the lead time to 68 minutes, equivalent to a 46.5% reduction in time. The improvement recommendations focused on increasing the efficiency of neurology services through human resource optimization, work system organization, implementation of 5S, utilization of information technology, digitization of medical records, and involvement of medical personnel in improving service quality.

Narrative Review: Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) di Beberapa Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Vika Rahayu Retnaningtyas — 2026-06-27

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in hospitals and is a major cause of antibiotic use. The high use of antibiotics in UTI cases, if not used rationally, has the potential to increase treatment failure and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, evaluating the rationality of antibiotic use is crucial to assess the alignment of clinical practice with evidence-based therapy guidelines. This research is a descriptive study using a literature review approach. Data were obtained from national scientific articles from 2022–2025 that discussed the evaluation of antibiotic use in patients with UTI in hospitals. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria that included topic suitability, full-text availability, and evaluation of antibiotic rationality using the Gyssens method or parameters of appropriateness of indication, antibiotic type, dose, interval, and duration of therapy. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through narrative synthesis. The results of the synthesis indicate that the level of rationality of antibiotic use in UTI cases in Indonesian hospitals remains variable. Several studies reported antibiotic use in accordance with therapy guidelines, but most still found discrepancies in aspects of antibiotic selection, dose, interval, and especially duration of therapy. The predominant use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and Watch-category antibiotics was also found, potentially increasing the risk of resistance. Irrational antibiotic use has been shown to be associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with comorbidities. These findings indicate that non-adherence to UTI therapy guidelines remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Regular evaluation of antibiotic use and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals are needed to improve therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.

Manajemen Kurikulum Rumah Tahfiz Syamsiyah Makam Haji Kartosuro Sukoharjo

Muhammad Nangin — 2026-06-27

Study aims to analyze and formulate a model for implementing religious-based curriculum management at Rumah Tahfidz, a non-formal educational institution focused on the development of the Qur'an and Islamic character. The research approach used is qualitative with library research and a conceptual approach. Data were obtained from various literature sources in the form of scientific journals, academic books, and educational policy documents relevant to curriculum management, Islamic education, and the formation of religious character. The data analysis technique was carried out through content analysis with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and systematic conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of religious-based curriculum management at Rumah Tahfidz can be developed through three main stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation of the curriculum integrated with Islamic values. This curriculum management model emphasizes the integration of spiritual, pedagogical, and managerial aspects so as to create a holistic educational environment. Thus, Rumah Tahfidz does not only function as an institution for memorizing the Qur'an, but also as a center for the formation of religious character that is adaptive to the challenges of the times. This research is expected to be a conceptual reference in the development of Islamic education curriculum based on religious values in non-formal educational institutions

Determinan Minat Menjadi Guru pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi (Literatur Review)

Dyah Ayu Margiati — 2026-06-27

This study aims to Analyze and syntesize the determinants influencing education student’s interest in pursuing a teaching career through a literature review approach. The teaching profession, as stipulated in Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning teacher and Lecturers, holds a strategic position in the national education system; however, not all education students demonstrate a career orientation aligned with this profession. This study employed a literature review method by analyzing 20 scientific articles published within the last ten years retrieved from google scholar using the keywords “interest in becoming a teacher”, “teacher readiness”, and “career choice”. The findings indicate that student’s interest in becoming teacher rangers from moderate to high and is influenced by multidimensional interactions among internal factor (self-efficacy, motivation, perceptions of the teaching professions, locus of control), social factors (family and peer support), and academic as well as professional experiences (teaching practicum, microteaching, professional teacher education programs, and kampus mengajar). Self-efficacy and family support emerged as the most consistent determinants, either directly or through mediating mechanisms. These findings suggest that enhancing student’s interest in the teaching profession requires comprehensive strategies integrating psychological reinforcement, meaningful practical experiences, and supportive social environments within teacher education institutions.

Peran Influencer Marketing Dalam Meningkatkan Brand Awareness dan Penjualan Produk Aftermyskin Pada Platform Media Sosial Tiktok

Siti Nur Aeni — 2026-06-28

The rapid growth of social media has encouraged brands to adopt influencer marketing as a strategic approach to reach and engage digital consumers. TikTok, as one of the fastest-growing platforms in Indonesia, offers strong potential for increasing brand visibility and stimulating purchase behavior through its dynamic short-video format. Aftermyskin, a local skincare brand, leverages TikTok influencers to strengthen its presence among young audiences who actively consume digital content. This study aims to analyze the role of influencer marketing in enhancing brand awareness and improving sales performance on TikTok, while also examining the mediating effect of brand awareness. A quantitative research design was employed by integrating SEM-PLS analysis with actual TikTok Shop transaction data to obtain more accurate and comprehensive results. Consumer perceptions were collected through an online survey, and sales records were used to validate the predictive accuracy of the proposed model. The findings indicate that Influencer Marketing significantly increases Brand Awareness (β = 0.789; p < 0.001) and directly contributes to Sales (β = 0.327; p < 0.01). Brand Awareness further influences Sales (β = 0.512; p < 0.001) and functions as the primary mediating variable. The R² values of 0.623 and 0.681, supported by Q² values above 0.25, confirm the model’s robustness. Overall, the study concludes that TikTok influencer marketing is effective in expanding brand reach and enhancing the sales performance of Aftermyskin.

Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Penyelenggara Kesehatan Terhadap Keamanan Data Pasien Untuk Mewujudkan Pelindungan Hukum Data Pasien

Dara Septi Wardati — 2026-06-28

The development of information technology in health service delivery has encouraged the extensive use of electronic systems, particularly electronic medical records, which position patient health data as an integral component of modern healthcare services. While digitalization enhances efficiency and service quality, it simultaneously increases the risk of data breaches and misuse of sensitive patient health information. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the protection of patient health data in Indonesia and to formulate a concept of legal liability for healthcare service providers concerning data security. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by a literature review of laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant national and international journal articles. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has established a legal framework through Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, the regulation of legal liability for patient health data breaches remains fragmented and predominantly oriented toward individual responsibility. This study argues that patient health data breaches should be understood as a structural legal issue, requiring the construction of institutional liability for healthcare service providers as data controllers. This research is expected to contribute theoretically to the development of health law and personal data protection law, as well as practically to strengthening legal certainty and patient rights protection in the digital healthcare era.

Pengaruh Work Shift dan Burnout terhadap Performance Masinis PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PERSERO)

Priatna Priatna — 2026-06-28

This study aims to analyze the effect of work shifts and burnout on the performance of train drivers at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), and compare these findings with fatigue management practices and work systems for train drivers in Japan and China. This study is based on Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Theory, which explains that job demands, including night shifts and irregular rotations, increase the risk of burnout and decrease performance in high-risk jobs. The study used quantitative methods through PLS-SEM with 2,184 train drivers. The results showed that work shifts had a significant positive effect on burnout (60.8%), and a significant negative effect on train driver performance (33.9%). Burnout also had the strongest influence on performance decline (83.9%), and mediated 51% of the effect of shift work on performance.

Peran Badan Nasional Pencarian dan Pertolongan (Basarnas) dalam Mendukung Strategi Pertahanan Nasional di Wilayah Maritim Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Perbatasan Laut Selat Malaka)

I Nyoman Parwata — 2026-06-28

As the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia faces complex challenges in maintaining maritime security. Basarnas, as the search and rescue (SAR) agency, plays a crucial role in supporting national defense, especially in addressing non-military threats such as maritime accidents and natural disasters (Frishfelds et al., 2023). This study uses a qualitative approach and case study method to explore Basarnas' contribution to Indonesia's maritime defense strategy. The results show that Basarnas plays a significant role in responding to maritime incidents, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and strengthening safety in Indonesian waters. Synergy with the Navy (TNI AL) is also key to preparedness against both military and non-military maritime threats. In conclusion, Basarnas not only engages in rescue efforts but also strengthens the nation's defense in maritime areas. Strengthening Basarnas' operational capacity and closer collaboration with defense components are necessary to achieve sustainable maritime security.

The Strategy of Radar Data Integration Between Indonesia and Singapore as an Airspace Security System in the Riau Islands and Natuna

Budi Santoso — 2026-06-28

This study aims to analyze the strategy of radar data integration between Indonesia and Singapore to enhance the airspace security system in the Riau Islands and Natuna. The focus includes analyzing the implications of the Leaders Retreat 2022 policy, evaluating bilateral collaborative efforts, and formulating technology-based strategies for managing the Flight Information Region (FIR). This research adopts a Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory approach, combining quantitative analysis of airspace violation data and qualitative analysis of policies and expert interviews. Quantitative data is processed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data is analyzed using the constant comparative method. The study reveals that radar data integration improves the effectiveness of airspace surveillance, strengthens Air Sovereignty, and supports flight safety. Technology-based collaborative strategies, such as the use of advanced radar systems and integrated personnel training, are key to successful implementation. This research contributes new insights to the study of airspace security by proposing a radar data integration model that is responsive and adaptive to geopolitical dynamics in the strategic regions of the Riau Islands and Natuna.

Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Kahoot terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Numerasi dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 1 Bukit Tempurung

Eka Imelda — 2026-06-30

This research aimed to develop a Kahoot-based E-LKPD for geometry material and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness on numeracy skills and mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Bukit Tempurung. The development followed the ADDIE model involving 30 students. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and tests, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Paired Sample T-Test. Results showed material expert validation reached 89.33% and media expert 98%, both categorized as very valid. Effectiveness testing demonstrated significant improvement with average scores increasing from 50.8125 (pretest) to 91.2500 (posttest), with significance value 0.000 < 0.05. Practicality testing reached 97%, categorized as very practical. This study concludes that Kahoot-based E-LKPD is highly valid, practical, and effective in improving numeracy skills and geometry learning outcomes for fifth-grade elementary students.

Tinjauan Hukum Persaingan Usaha pada Penetapan Harga (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung)

Intan Wulan Sari — 2026-06-30

This study examines the application of price-fixing prohibition as regulated in Article 5 of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, focusing on enforcement approach differences between the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) and the Supreme Court. This research specifically analyzes Supreme Court Decision Number 1811 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2022 in the PT Batik Air case and compares it with KPPU Decision Number 15/KPPU-I/2019 regarding alleged airline ticket price cartel. Using normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the results indicate that KPPU consistently applies the per se illegal approach in assessing violations of Article 5 by relying on cumulative indirect evidence. Conversely, the Supreme Court interprets the agreement element more strictly, demanding concrete proof and considering economic rationality and airline industry characteristics, thus approaching the rule of reason standard. This difference demonstrates inconsistency in evidentiary standards and interpretation of price-fixing elements, affecting legal certainty and effectiveness of competition law enforcement in Indonesia. Therefore, this study emphasizes the necessity for harmonization between KPPU and the Supreme Court to optimally achieve the objectives of Law Number 5 of 1999 in creating healthy, fair business competition and protecting public interest.

Analisis Kebijakan Tata Niaga Subsidi LPG 3 Kg di Tingkat Daerah: Studi Implementasi di Kabupaten Bantul

Elmi Wahyuni — 2026-06-30

The LPG 3 Kg subsidy policy is an important instrument of social protection; however, its implementation continues to face various distribution and governance challenges at the local level. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the LPG 3 Kg subsidy distribution policy in Bantul Regency, identify key implementation problems, and formulate the most feasible policy alternatives based on the rational policy analysis framework of Patton and Sawicki. The study employs a mixed-methods approach with a convergent design, combining qualitative data (in-depth interviews with local government officials, Pertamina, Hiswana Migas, agents, and LPG outlets) and quantitative data (a survey of 105 LPG 3 Kg subsidy users), which are analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that policy implementation is characterized by persistent targeting inaccuracies, dominance of purchases through informal retailers, and weak administrative operability in the application of the Merchant Apps Pangkalan (MAP). Regression analysis reveals that the fairness variable (β = 0.479; p < 0.001) and administrative operability (β = 0.372; p < 0.001) are the most significant determinants of policy effectiveness. Based on the evaluation of policy alternatives using an evaluation matrix, strengthening the NIK-based verification system and integrating socio-economic data with MAP is identified as the most rational and feasible policy option for implementation in Bantul Regency. This study recommends improving data-driven LPG 3 Kg distribution governance as a strategic measure to enhance the effectiveness, equity, and accountability of energy subsidies at the local level.

Strategi Peningkatan Keterlibatan Pegawai Dengan Model 10 C’s “Employee Engagement” Di Baznas Provinsi Jawa Barat

Nadya Adjizah Saeysar — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze employee engagement and formulate strategies to enhance employee involvement at the West Java Provincial Board of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) using the 10 C’s Model of Employee Engagement proposed by Seijts and Crim (2006). The research is motivated by the phenomenon in which employee engagement scores at BAZNAS West Java have increased over the past three years; however, this improvement has not been followed by a decrease in employee turnover or an optimal increase in organizational performance. This indicates a potential gap between the measured engagement and the deeper psychological and operational engagement experienced by employees. A qualitative descriptive-analytical approach was employed in this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation review involving leaders, division heads, human resource staff, and operational employees. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The 10 C’s Model was used as the analytical framework to assess employee engagement across ten dimensions: connect, career, clarity, convey, congratulate, contribute, control, collaborate, credibility, and confidence. The findings reveal that several dimensions have been implemented effectively, particularly connect, collaborate, contribute, and credibility, which reflect strong interpersonal relations, teamwork, and employees’ moral commitment to the institution’s mission. However, several dimensions require further improvement, including career, convey, clarity, and control. Employees expressed the need for clearer career development pathways, more transparent and structured communication, more explicit role definitions, and greater autonomy in decision-making related to their tasks. Additionally, there is a need to strengthen recognition systems, performance management, and policy consistency to enhance employees’ overall work experience. Based on these findings, this study proposes several strategies to improve employee engagement, including: (1) strengthening career development systems and talent management; (2) optimizing internal communication to be more transparent and two-way; (3) enhancing role clarity, SOPs, and performance indicators; (4) expanding employee autonomy and participation in decision- making; (5) strengthening fair and standardized reward systems; and (6) reinforcing collaborative culture and organizational values. These strategies are expected to enhance the quality of employee work experience, reduce turnover, and support the improvement of organizational performance at BAZNAS West Java in a more sustainable manner.

Respon Siswa Terhadap Penggunaan Media Gambar dalam Pembelajaran IPAS (Studi Kasus) Di Kelas III SDN 14 Kelakik

Ilda Karmila — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the responses of third-grade students to the use of picture media in teaching Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) on the topic of the characteristics of living things, focusing on motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving 26 students as subjects and using data collection techniques based on triangulation through observation, semi-structured questionnaires, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of picture media is highly effective in enhancing students’ understanding up to 95%, promoting active participation, and improving academic performance, as evidenced by students’ quick responses to teacher questions, success in multiple-choice exercises, and achievement of the Minimum Competency Criteria (KKM) in the Midterm Examination. Picture media can transform abstract concepts into concrete visualizations, making learning more interactive and engaging compared to conventional methods such as lectures. These findings highlight the importance of integrating picture media into the IPAS curriculum under the Merdeka Curriculum to improve the quality of learning and knowledge retention in elementary school students.

The Superiority of Willpower over Firepower: A Philosophical Analysis of Vietnamese Resistance against the United States, 1954–1975

Riyanto Wujarso — 2026-06-30

The Vietnam War (1954–1975) stands as a crucial case study of asymmetric conflict, where a major military superpower (the US) was defeated by an ideologically grounded resistance movement. This research specifically argues that Vietnam’s victory was a classic case of the superiority of willpower over firepower. The study’s primary objective is to analyze the essence and implementation of the "People’s War" doctrine as the ideological foundation of the resistance. The methodology employed is a qualitative historical case study utilizing content analysis of key military doctrine documents, historical monographs, and academic journals. Key findings indicate that the People’s War philosophy consistently positioned political struggle (Dau Tranh Chinh Tri) as the strategic determinant of armed struggle, creating a framework of total resistance that fully integrated the civilian populace. The operational implementation of this philosophy, especially through the Cu Chi Tunnels and the psychological strategy of the 1968 Tet offensive, effectively neutralized the overwhelming American firepower. The Tet offensive serves as a causal proof, where tactical losses were exchanged for a devastating political-psychological victory that broke the US’s will to continue the war (willpower). This study concludes that the Vietnam War was "More Than Just a Battle." Vietnam’s success was generated by a defense philosophy that successfully mobilized limitless moral power a decisive strategic advantage that western military metrics failed to measure or destroy.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Lisan Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercerita Pada Anak Kelompok A

Sry Anita Rachman — 2026-06-30

This study aimed to develop children’s oral language skills through storytelling in Group A at PAUD KB Melati during the 2024/2025 academic year. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles with collaboration between teachers and researchers. The subjects were all 25 children in Group A. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and field notes, using instruments such as observation sheets, field note sheets, and documentation records. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to assess the progress of children’s oral language abilities.The findings revealed significant improvement after the implementation of storytelling. Prior to the intervention, children’s participation in language learning was only 21.75%, with 6 children (20%) achieving mastery. After the first cycle, participation rose to 77.5%, with 3 children (10%) developing very well, 10 children (45%) developing as expected, 5 children (15%) beginning to develop, and 15 children (55%) reaching the expected level of development. In the second cycle, participation increased further to 83.1%, with 5 children (15%) developing very well, 15 children (55%) developing as expected, 3 children (10%) beginning to develop, and 3 children (10%) not yet developing. Overall, 19 children (80%) achieved the expected developmental outcomes. Thus, the research confirmed the hypothesis that storytelling can effectively enhance oral language skills in young children. Storytelling proved to be an effective instructional strategy, fostering greater participation, enriching vocabulary, and encouraging children to be more active in communication. This demonstrates that storytelling is not merely a form of entertainment but a pedagogical approach that systematically and enjoyably supports the oral language development of early childhood learners.

Deep Learning Model Integrated with Intercultural Pragmatic Competences in Improving EFL Learners’ Speaking Skills

Haerazi Haerazi — 2026-06-30

This study investigated the integration of a deep learning model with intercultural pragmatic competence to improve EFL learners’ speaking skills. The study was motivated by the need to develop speaking instruction that goes beyond grammatical accuracy and fluency by incorporating meaningful communication, learner reflection, pragmatic appropriateness, and intercultural awareness. A qualitative research design was employed to explore teachers’ experiences and classroom practices in applying deep learning-oriented speaking activities. The participants were seven EFL teachers who had experience implementing a deep learning model in their English classes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. The data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the deep learning model contributed to learners’ speaking development by encouraging meaningful speaking practice, collaboration, problem-solving communication, learner autonomy, and self-reflection. Activities such as role-plays, group discussions, simulations, dialogue analysis, and problem-based tasks helped learners express ideas, negotiate meaning, and build confidence in using English. The findings also showed that integrating intercultural pragmatic competence enabled learners to speak more appropriately and effectively in intercultural contexts. Learners were guided to understand politeness strategies, speech acts, indirect expressions, turn-taking, social distance, and cultural norms in communication. This integration helped learners become more aware of how language choices should be adjusted according to context, relationship, and communicative purpose. The study concludes that combining deep learning principles with intercultural pragmatic competence provides a meaningful pedagogical framework for developing EFL learners as fluent, reflective, culturally responsive, and pragmatically competent speakers.