Dampak Gig Economy terhadap Kinerja Sosial dan Lingkungan pada Sektor Transportasi Daring: Perbandingan Perspektif Perusahaan Platform dan Mitra Driver

Ibnu Abi Yoga; Mohamad Syamsul Maarif; I Made Sumertajaya

doi:10.55681/jige.v6i4.4527

Authors

Ibnu Abi Yoga IPB University, Indonesia
Mohamad Syamsul Maarif IPB University, Indonesia
I Made Sumertajaya IPB University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v6i4.4527

Keywords:

Gig Economy, Social Performance, Environmental Performance, Online Transportation Platforms

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of the gig economy on social and environmental performance in the online transportation platform sector in the Greater Jakarta area by comparing the perspectives of platform companies and gig workers (driver partners). This study uses a case study design with a mixed method combining Likert scale questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The respondents consist of 183 platform company employees and 101 driver partners from various online transportation companies. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical approaches and Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM–PLS). The results indicate that the gig economy significantly impacts social and environmental performance from both perspectives, though with differing levels of perception. Driver partners tend to experience stronger positive impacts regarding work flexibility, income opportunities, and involvement in environmental efforts, yet they still face challenges such as income instability, limited job protection, and unequal access to social programs. Platform companies acknowledge the gig economy's contribution to social and environmental aspects, though with a more moderate assessment. These findings underscore the importance of integrating social and environmental dimensions into core business strategies, as well as the need to incorporate driver partners' input to strengthen the sustainability and inclusivity of the gig economy ecosystem in the future.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adnan, S. H. N. M., Ramlee, N. F., Yusof, Z., & Mohamad, S. (2021). The Effectiveness of the Malaysian Digital Economy Policy in Promoting the Gig Economy. International Journal of Social Science Research, 3(2), 1-10.

Alqarni, A. (2021). The Impact of Work Climate on Teachers' Job Motivation and Performance. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 15(1), 1–15.

Bajwa, U., Ranganathan, M., Khan, H., & Kaur, S. (2018). The Health of Workers in the Global Gig Economy. Globalization and Health, 14(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0444-8

Babullah, M. D., Mulyana, E., & Handayani, N. (2024). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance and Work Climate. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 11(2), 45-58.

Churchill, B., & Craig, L. (2019). Gender in the Gig Economy: Men and Women Using Digital Platforms to Secure Work in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 55(4), 741–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783319894060

Emzir. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif: Analisis Data. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Erfina, I., Hartanto, M., & Susanto, T. (2021). Work Climate and Its Relationship with Teacher Absenteeism and Commitment. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru, 18(1), 32–45.

Freni-Sterrantino, A., & Salerno, V. (2021). A Plea for the Need to Investigate the Health Effects of the Gig Economy. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(February), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.638767

Huđek, I., & Širec, K. (2023). Unveiling the Impact of the Gig Economy on Sustainable Development. ERAZ Conference – Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development: Vol 9. Selected Papers, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2023.125

Kaine, S., & Josserand, E. (2019). The Organisation and Experience of Work in the Gig Economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185619865480

Khandani, E., & Movahedi, A. (2021). A Comparative Study of Platform and Gig Workers’ Perspectives on Job Satisfaction and Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 16(3), 56-69.

Koutsimpogiorgos, N., van der Velden, M., & Recker, J. (2020). Conceptualizing the Gig Economy and Its Regulatory Problems. Policy and Internet, 12(4), 525–545. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.237

Lane, M. (2020). Regulating Platform Work in the Digital Age. OECD Going Digital Toolkit Notes, 1, 1–29.

Lembaga Demografi FEB UI. (2023). Riset Ketenagakerjaan dan Kesejahteraan Pekerja di Sektor Ekonomi Gig.

Liu, K., Feng, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Examining the Role of Digitalization and Gig Economy in Achieving a Low-Carbon Society: An Empirical Study across Nations. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11(May), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1197708

Lord, C., Hoolohan, C., & Holmes, M. (2022). The Sustainability of the Gig Economy Food Delivery System (Deliveroo, UberEATS and Just Eat): Histories and Futures of Rebound, Lock-in, and Path Dependency. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 17(5), 490–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2066583

MacDonald, R., & Giazitzoglou, A. (2019). Youth, Enterprise and Precarity: Or, What Is, and What Is Wrong with, the “Gig Economy”? Journal of Sociology, 55(4), 724–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783319837604

Matsuyuki, S., Dwinanda, M. N., & Kurniawan, M. F. (2024). Analisis Dampak Layanan Pengantaran Makanan Daring terhadap Emisi CO2 di Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 22(1), 1-12.

Mislinah, H., Hidayat, M., & Aini, S. (2020). Pengaruh Iklim Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru di Sekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 10(3), 156-168.

Muldoon, J., & Raekstad, P. (2023). Algorithmic Domination in the Gig Economy. European Journal of Political Theory, 22(4), 587–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/14748851221082078

MyDIGITAL Corporation & Ipsos Malaysia. (2024). The Malaysian Gig Economy: Trends and Policy Implications.

Permana, R. D., Izzati, P. S., & Askar, A. (2022). Ilusi Sejahtera Ojek Daring Metropolitan. The Institute for Demographic and Poverty Studies (IDEAS).

Pradana, M., & Sutanto, A. (2023). A Comparative Analysis of Platform Companies and Driver Partners’ Perception of the Gig Economy. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 19(2), 112-125.

Rahmat, A., & Nurcahyani, R. (2022). The Impact of Online Transportation on Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution in Indonesian Cities. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(1), 223-235.

Ray, B., Singh, S., & Varma, A. (2021). Exploring Social Responsibility towards Gig Workers: A Comprehensive Review and Future Research Direction. Social Responsibility Journal, 1-23.

Silva, A. C., & Nyobe, R. (2023). Addressing Social Sustainability Challenges in the Gig Economy Delivery Sector: The Crucial Role of Gig Workers’ Perceptions. Journal of Sustainable Development, 16(4), 54-68.

Sudaryono. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian: Gabungan Metode Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Andi Offset.

Sugiyono. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tan, Z. M., Soh, J. S. Y., Tan, J. Y., & Soh, A. K. (2021). The Ethical Debate about the Gig Economy: A Review and Critical Analysis. Technology in Society, 65, 101594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101594

Van Doorn, N. (2022). The Gig Economy and Its Algorithmic Governance. New Media & Society, 24(3), 735–753. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211029837

Wibisono, Y., Ramadhan, D. R., & Devi, M. T. (2023). ILUSI SEJAHTERA OJEK DARING METROPOLITAN. The Institute for Demographic and Poverty Studies (IDEAS).

Zeid, R., Gök, A., & Sirimanne, J. (2024). The Gig Economy and the Future of Work: Global Trends and Policy Directions for Non-Standard Forms of Employment. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/41755